The first partial derivatives factor as
Both vanish at the origin, verifying that it is a stationary point. Since , every stationary point has ; the first equation then gives . Thus one requested additional point is ; the other is .
The integrand is an even function, since both and are odd functions. Using integration by parts,
The endpoint cosine terms vanish, leaving the sine contribution.
The first field is , so direct curl calculation gives
It is not conservative because its curl is nonzero. The second is a radial gradient field:
The scalar expression is a smooth function and single-valued on all of space, so is a conservative vector field. Its potential of a conservative vector field is . Parts (a) and (b) check path dependence directly.
Use the real Fourier series convention . The function is an even function, so . For noninteger real ,
For , the product-to-sum identity gives
Thus the Fourier series of a noninteger-frequency cosine is
Its Fourier coefficients are , giving absolute convergence and uniform convergence. The periodic function is continuous at its joins because the two endpoint cosine values coincide, so the Dirichlet-Jordan convergence theorem gives this value at every point.
Putting gives
Evaluate at , where , and multiply by :
Comparing with the required form gives .

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