Dissolution transfers material into a chemical solution. It can include separation from an ionic crystal and solvation, or dispersal of neutral molecules. For sucrose and sodium chloride, respectively,Here specifies water as the solvent; it does not specify a fixed number of attached water molecules. The neutral sucrose remains molecular. Dissociation of an ionic compound separates pre-existing ions in the second example; solvation stabilizes their new surroundings.[ref]
11.1 The Dissolution Process. Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others; Opening molecular and ionic dissolution examples
[ref]Ionization instead creates ions from neutral species. Hydrogen chloride reacting with water illustrates protonation of water rather than mere rearrangement of a hydration shell:The hydronium and negative ion together preserve total electric charge. Solvation can influence this chemical reaction, but an ion's solvation does not itself change its net electric charge.[ref]
11.2 Electrolytes. Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers and others; “Covalent Electrolytes”, HCl proton-transfer example
Dissociation of an ionic compound separates its constituent ions. It differs from creating charged species by ionization of neutral molecules. Dissolved ions can also associate into ion pairs, so a dissociated description does not exclude all subsequent association.
Sodium perchlorate is the salt used in the spectrally selected example of spectroscopic measurement of hydration dynamics.
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