Refit a meta-analysis after deleting each study, comparing fitted effects, uncertainty and heterogeneity to the full fit. For fixed weights , total weight and weighted effect , direct subtraction of the two weighted means gives . Re-estimating heterogeneity additionally measures influence through the weights. This is a sensitivity diagnostic, not an automatic rule for removing discordant studies.
A network meta-analysis can offer three distinct benefits, assuming a connected treatment network and credible transitivity in network meta-analysis.
These are potential benefits, not guarantees: heterogeneous effect modifiers, inconsistent evidence, disconnected networks or imprecise rankings can defeat them.