Multiply the equation for by and the equation for by , then subtract. The terms cancel and the derivative terms combine into a Wronskian boundary derivative:
Integrating over the interval eliminates the boundary term because both eigenfunctions vanish at both endpoints. Since their eigenvalues differ,
This is orthogonality in a weighted inner product in the regular Sturm-Liouville setting; the endpoint values must justify the integration by parts.

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