Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 323 4 i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The Umegaki relative entropy iswhen the support of is contained in that of , and otherwise. Its additivity of quantum relative entropy isits superadditivity of quantum relative entropy isand its data-processing inequality for quantum relative entropy is for every quantum channel .
Additivity follows from the logarithm of a tensor product,and the analogous identity for . For superadditivity, subtract the two marginal relative entropies from the joint one. The reference-state terms cancel, leavingThis is the nonnegativity of quantum mutual information, equivalently Subadditivity of Von Neumann entropy.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 354 2 b i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Let and be the individual Ryu–Takayanagi surfaces for and . Their disconnected union is homologous to and is therefore an admissible competitor in the minimization that defines . Minimality givesDividing by provesand hence the leading holographic mutual information obeysThis is the geometric realization of the nonnegativity of quantum mutual information.
Superadditivity of quantum relative entropy 2026-09-24
For a bipartite density operator and a product reference state,The difference between the two sides is the nonnegative quantum mutual information of .