A solar neutrino is a neutrino produced by a nuclear reaction in the Sun, principally through the proton–proton chain and CNO cycle. Its weak interactions allow it to escape directly from the stellar core. Accounting for neutrino oscillation allows measurements of the different detected flavors to test the nuclear reaction power and rates independently of escaping photons.
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Solar neutrinos are extremely lightweight, neutral subatomic particles produced during nuclear fusion processes in the Sun's core. The Sun generates energy through the fusion of hydrogen nuclei (protons) into helium, and this process releases neutrinos as a byproduct. The specific fusion reactions that create solar neutrinos include the proton-proton chain reaction and the CNO (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen) cycle.