Solvent degreasing is a cleaning process that involves the use of chemical solvents to remove grease, oil, dirt, and other contaminants from various surfaces, particularly in industrial and manufacturing settings. This method is commonly applied to metal parts and components, where the removal of residues is necessary for further processing, assembly, or finishing.

Squeeze casting, also known as pressure casting, is a metal casting process that combines features of both casting and forging. This technique is used to produce highly dense metal parts with improved mechanical properties compared to those made through traditional casting methods. The process involves the following steps: 1. **Mold Preparation**: A mold is designed and prepared, typically made from materials such as steel to withstand high pressures and temperatures.

Steel wool is a type of abrasive material made from fine strands of steel that are twisted together. It is commonly used for scrubbing and cleaning purposes, as well as for polishing surfaces and finishing wood. Steel wool is available in various grades, ranging from coarse to fine, which indicates the thickness of the strands and the abrasiveness of the material.

Sword making, also known as swordsmithing, is the craft of designing and producing swords, which are bladed weapons typically used for cutting and thrusting. This age-old art combines metallurgy, engineering, and craftsmanship, and has evolved over centuries across different cultures and regions. ### Key Aspects of Sword Making: 1. **Materials**: Traditionally, swords were made from various types of steel or iron. Modern swordsmiths might also use specialized alloys or modern materials.

A Tension Control Bolt (TC Bolt) is a type of high-strength bolt used primarily in structural steel connections. It is designed to provide a reliable method of achieving and maintaining a specific tension in the bolt during installation, which is critical for ensuring the integrity and strength of the connection between steel components. ### Features: 1. **Tensioning Mechanism**: TC bolts have a built-in mechanism that allows the installer to achieve the desired tension by twisting the bolt during installation.

Tool steel refers to a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are specifically designed for making tools and dies. These steels are chosen for their hardness, resistance to abrasion, and ability to hold a sharp cutting edge, as well as their toughness and ability to withstand high temperatures. Tool steels are classified into several categories based on their performance characteristics and compositions.

The "Hockey-stick identity" is a mathematical identity in combinatorics that describes a certain relationship involving binomial coefficients. It gets its name from the hockey stick shape that graphs of the identity can resemble.

Tool wear refers to the gradual deterioration of a tool's material properties and geometry due to mechanical, thermal, and chemical interactions during machining operations or other manufacturing processes. It is a natural consequence of using tools for cutting, shaping, or finishing materials and can significantly affect the performance, accuracy, and lifespan of the tools.

Underwater cutting and welding refer to specialized techniques used to perform cutting, joining, and repairing metal structures while submerged in water. These methods are essential in various industries, particularly in marine construction, shipbuilding, oil and gas, and underwater maintenance. Here's a breakdown of each process: ### Underwater Cutting Underwater cutting involves removing material from a submerged metal structure.

Metamaterials are artificially structured materials engineered to have properties not typically found in nature. They are composed of sub-wavelength structures, meaning these structures are smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation they are designed to manipulate. This unique configuration allows metamaterials to affect waves in unconventional ways, leading to a range of novel properties and applications.

Critical realism is a philosophical approach to understanding the social world that emerged primarily from the work of philosopher Roy Bhaskar in the 1970s. It presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between structure, agency, and change in social sciences. Critical realism seeks to reconcile the insights of both positivism and interpretivism while addressing the shortcomings of each.

Chiral media are materials that exhibit optical activity due to their chiral structure, meaning they are not superimposable on their mirror images, much like left and right hands. In these media, the way light interacts with the material can differ depending on the circular polarization of the light. This means that right-handed circularly polarized light will travel through the medium differently than left-handed circularly polarized light. Chiral media can be naturally occurring or artificially created.

Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) refers to a phenomenon in which light can be transmitted through a subwavelength aperture or a thin film with significantly higher efficiency than would normally be expected based on classical optics principles. This effect often occurs in specially designed metallic structures, such as arrays of nanoholes or slits, and is typically associated with plasmonic effects and resonant tunneling.

Gap surface plasmon (GSP) is a phenomenon observed in nanophotonics and plasmonics, which involves the collective oscillation of free electrons at the interface between a metal and a dielectric (non-metal) material. Specifically, GSP refers to surface plasmons that are confined to a small gap or space between two metal surfaces or within a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure.

Metamaterials are engineered materials designed to have properties not found in naturally occurring materials. Their development and application have a rich history that spans several decades, and they have become increasingly important in various fields such as optics, electromagnetics, and acoustics. Here's an overview of the history of metamaterials: ### Early Concepts (Late 20th Century) 1.

Mechanical metamaterials are artificially engineered materials designed to have unique mechanical properties not typically found in natural materials. These properties arise from the material's structure rather than its chemical composition. By manipulating the arrangement, geometry, and connectivity of materials at the microscopic or macroscopic level, researchers can create materials that exhibit unusual behaviors, such as negative stiffness, high impact resistance, or specific deformation characteristics.

Liberal naturalism is a philosophical stance that merges elements of liberalism—a political and ethical philosophy focused on individual rights, freedom, and equality—with naturalism, which is a worldview holding that everything arises from natural properties and causes, and that supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted. In the context of philosophy: 1. **Naturalism**: This refers to the idea that everything can be explained in terms of natural causes and laws.

Feminist method refers to a set of research approaches and techniques that are informed by feminist theory and perspectives. It seeks to address and analyze issues related to gender inequalities, women's experiences, and the systemic structures that contribute to these disparities. Feminist methods emphasize the importance of understanding the social, cultural, and historical contexts that shape women's lives and interpret their experiences.

Greedy reductionism is not a widely established term in academic or philosophical literature, but it can be interpreted by breaking down its components. - **Reductionism** is the philosophical approach that suggests that complex systems can be understood by examining their individual parts or components. In science, it often means that phenomena can be explained by reducing them to their simplest elements, such as molecules, atoms, or even subatomic particles.

The "Metamaterials Handbook" typically refers to a comprehensive guide or reference work that covers the concepts, design, applications, and advancements in the field of metamaterials. Metamaterials are materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring materials, typically by arranging structures at a scale smaller than the wavelength of the phenomena they are designed to manipulate, such as electromagnetic waves.