Operation Olympic Games was a covert cyber operation conducted by the United States and Israel, primarily aimed at disrupting Iran's nuclear program. The operation reportedly began in the mid-2000s and is most famously associated with the Stuxnet computer worm, which was discovered in 2010. This sophisticated piece of malware was designed to target and sabotage Iran's centrifuges used for enriching uranium, thereby impeding the country's ability to develop nuclear weapons.

"Iranium" is not a widely recognized term in scientific or political discourse. However, it has appeared in various contexts, often as a play on words combining "Iran" and "uranium" and is sometimes used in discussions about Iran's nuclear program. Iran has been at the center of international attention regarding its nuclear activities, particularly its uranium enrichment program. The term could be used humorously or in political commentary to refer to the contested nature of Iran’s nuclear ambitions and capabilities.

The leaked audiotape of Mohammad Javad Zarif, Iran's former foreign minister, became public in April 2021. The tape features a candid conversation in which Zarif discusses various diplomatic strategies, internal politics, and Iran's foreign relations, particularly emphasizing the impact of General Qassem Soleimani and the military's influence on Iranian diplomacy. In the recording, Zarif expresses regret over the limited role of diplomacy in Iranian politics, indicating how military considerations often overshadow diplomatic efforts.

**National Security** refers to the protection and defense of a nation-state, its citizens, and its interests against threats that can arise from various sources—such as military conflict, terrorism, cyber attacks, espionage, and more. It encompasses a broad range of policies and strategies aimed at safeguarding a nation’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political and economic stability.

"Nuclear Fatwa: Prohibiting Muslim Scientists From Assisting the West" is a book by A. A. Khan that explores the intersection of Islamic law (Sharia), ethics, and international nuclear law. The term "nuclear fatwa" refers to a religious edict that could prohibit Muslim scientists and intellectuals from participating in nuclear research or programs that could be used for military purposes or to support Western military endeavors.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747 was adopted on March 24, 2007. This resolution specifically addresses concerns regarding the nuclear program of Iran and the broader issues related to peace and security in the region. It builds upon previous resolutions (notably Resolution 1737), which called for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment activities and cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The distance from a point to a line in a two-dimensional space can be calculated using a specific formula.

The United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) refers to the decision made by President Donald Trump in May 2018 to exit the nuclear agreement that was negotiated in 2015 between Iran and a group of world powers, known as the P5+1 (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany).

Iran has a number of organizations and companies involved in nuclear technology, primarily linked to its nuclear program, which Iran claims is for peaceful purposes such as energy generation and medical applications. However, the international community, particularly through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and various countries, has expressed concerns regarding the potential for weaponization.

Colin Powell was an American politician, statesman, and retired four-star general in the United States Army. He served as the 65th Secretary of State from 2001 to 2005 under President George W. Bush, becoming the first African American to hold that position. Prior to his role as Secretary of State, Powell held various significant military and administrative positions, including National Security Advisor and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

David Kelly was a British weapons expert and former United Nations inspector known for his work related to biological weapons. He gained widespread recognition in 2003 when he was named as a source for a BBC report questioning the UK's justification for the invasion of Iraq, specifically regarding claims that Iraq had active weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs.

Joseph C. Wilson, often referred to as Joe Wilson, is a former U.S. diplomat and an author known for his role in advocating for the truth regarding the Iraq War and the circumstances surrounding the use of intelligence leading up to the conflict. He is best known for his 2002 trip to Niger, where he investigated claims that Iraq had sought to buy uranium there. His findings indicated that there was no evidence to support such claims.

The Riegle Report, formally known as the "Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994," is a significant document in the realm of banking and financial regulation in the United States. It was named after U.S. Congressman Richard Riegle and primarily focuses on issues surrounding the banking system, particularly in relation to community development, regulatory oversight, and the promotion of economic growth in underserved areas.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1060 was adopted on June 28, 1996. The resolution addressed the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in relation to the ongoing conflict and the humanitarian situation arising from it. The resolution emphasized the necessity of maintaining peace and stability in the region, calling for continued support for the peace process initiated by the Dayton Accords.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1205 was adopted on November 5, 1998. The resolution addressed the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly in the context of the ongoing conflict and the involvement of various armed groups and foreign forces in the region. Resolution 1205 emphasized the need for a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the DRC and called for the immediate cessation of all hostilities.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 was adopted on November 8, 2002. The resolution was significant in the context of the Iraq disarmament crisis, as it sought to address concerns about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and its compliance with previous UN resolutions.

The Protocol of Sèvres, signed in 1956, was an agreement among Israel, the United Kingdom, and France regarding a coordinated military response to the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 was adopted on October 15, 1994. The resolution addressed the situation in the former Yugoslavia, particularly concerning the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the region. The resolution reaffirmed the Council's commitment to maintaining peace and security in the area and called for an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of all foreign combatants.

Valerie Plame is a former CIA operations officer who became widely known after her identity was exposed in a controversy that arose during the George W. Bush administration. Plame's identity was leaked to the press in 2003 as part of a political scandal related to the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The leak was seen as an attempt to discredit her husband, Joseph Wilson, who had publicly challenged the Bush administration's claims about Iraq's attempts to acquire nuclear weapons.

The Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center is a nuclear research facility located in the Negev Desert in Israel. Established in the late 1950s, the center is primarily operated by the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC). Its name honors Shimon Peres, a prominent Israeli politician and former president who was instrumental in the development of Israel's nuclear program.