FlyWire by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Panarthropoda by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
A bunch of things that looks like insects, notably arthropods and tardigrades.
Type of superconductor by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Superconducting phase diagram by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
There are various possibilities for the axes, but some common ones:
  • temperature (T) vs magnetic field strength (B)
  • temperature (T) vs proportion of each chemical element of a binary alloy
  • temperature (T) vs pressure
2013 DNS census data by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Figure 1. . Source. This source provided valuable historical domain to IP data.
amazon.com,2012-02-01T21:33:36,72.21.194.1
amazon.com,2012-02-01T21:33:36,72.21.211.176
amazon.com,2013-10-02T19:03:39,72.21.194.212
amazon.com,2013-10-02T19:03:39,72.21.215.232
amazon.com.au,2012-02-10T08:03:38,207.171.166.22
amazon.com.au,2012-02-10T08:03:38,72.21.206.80
google.com,2012-01-28T05:33:40,74.125.159.103
google.com,2012-01-28T05:33:40,74.125.159.104
google.com,2013-10-02T19:02:35,74.125.239.41
google.com,2013-10-02T19:02:35,74.125.239.46
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/ciro-love-sqlite.png
Fan tributes by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
 -------------------------------------
|  Force of Will               3 U U  |
|  ---------------------------------  |
| |                  ////////////   | |
| |                ////() ()\////\  | |
| |               ///_\ (--) \///\  | |
| |        )      ////  \_____///\\ | |
| |       ) \      /   /   /    /   | |
| |    ) /   \     |   |  /   _/    | |
| |   ) \  (  (   /   / /   / \     | |
| |  / ) ( )  / (    )/(    )  \    | |
| |  \(_)/(_)/  /UUUU \  \\\/   |   | |
| .---------------------------------. |
| Interrupt                           |
| ,---------------------------------, |
| | You may pay 1 life and remove a | |
| | blue card in your hand from the | |
| | game instead of paying Force of | |
| | Will's casting cost.  Effects   | |
| | that prevent or redirect damage | |
| | cannot be used to counter this  | |
| | loss of life.                   | |
| | Counter target spell.           | |
| `---------------------------------` |
|                                     l
| Illus.  Terese Nelsen               |
 -------------------------------------
Bare metal! by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Powered by crosstool-NG:
.global main
main:
    /* 0x20026 == ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit */
    mov x1, 0x26
    movk x1, 2, lsl 16
    str x1, [sp, 0]

    /* Exit status code. Host QEMU process exits with that status. */
    mov x0, 0
    str x0, [sp, 8]

    /* x1 contains the address of parameter block.
     * Any memory address could be used.
     */
    mov x1, sp

    /* SYS_EXIT */
    mov w0, 0x18

    /* Do the semihosting call on A64. */
    hlt 0xf000
Assembly by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Assertions! The best way to learn assembly.
#include <lkmc.h>

LKMC_PROLOGUE
    /* Register immediate. */
    mov $1, %rax
    add $2, %rax
    LKMC_ASSERT_EQ(%rax, $3)
LKMC_EPILOGUE
Kernel modules by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

static int myinit(void)
{
	pr_info("hello init\n");
	/* 0 for success, any negative value means failure,
	 * E* consts if you want to specify failure cause.
	 * https://www.linux.com/learn/kernel-newbie-corner-loadable-kernel-modules-coming-and-going */
	return 0;
}

static void myexit(void)
{
	pr_info("hello exit\n");
}

module_init(myinit)
module_exit(myexit)
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Lots of in-tree examples by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Multiple architectures supported by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
E.g., if you want aarch64 instead of the default x86_64:
./build -aA
./run -aA
That's it.
Kernel GDB step debugging just works by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Start QEMU and wait for GDB:
./run --gdb-wait
On another shell, connect GDB to QEMU and run up to a symbol that shows up at boot:
./run-gdb start_kernel
Outcome: we are GDB step debugging the Linux Kernel:
Breakpoint 1, start_kernel () at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/init/main.c:837
837     {
loading vmlinux
(gdb) n
841             set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
(gdb) l
836     asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)
837     {
838             char *command_line;
839             char *after_dashes;
840
841             set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
842             smp_setup_processor_id();
843             debug_objects_early_init();
844
845             cgroup_init_early();
(gdb) p &init_task
$1 = (struct task_struct *) 0xffffffff82012840 <init_task>
(gdb) bt
#0  start_kernel () at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/init/main.c:841
#1  0xffffffff8215145c in x86_64_start_reservations (real_mode_data=<optimized out>) at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:490
#2  0xffffffff821514e3 in x86_64_start_kernel (real_mode_data=0x138d0 <bts_ctx+2256> <error: Cannot access memory at address 0x138d0>) at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:471
#3  0xffffffff810000e6 in secondary_startup_64 () at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S:243
#4  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
(gdb) up
#1  0xffffffff8215145c in x86_64_start_reservations (real_mode_data=<optimized out>) at /root/lkmc/submodules/linux/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:490
490             start_kernel();
(gdb) l
485                     break;
486             default:
487                     break;
488             }
489
490             start_kernel();
491     }
https://web.archive.org/web/20240424065053im_/https://bootlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/logo-buildroot.png
The following are stored in submodules:
submodules/binutils-gdb/
submodules/buildroot/
submodules/gcc/
submodules/glibc/
submodules/linux/
submodules/qemu/
So you can modify source, rebuild and that's it, its in the VM.
E.g., let's hack the linux kernel:
asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)
{
  pr_info("I'VE HACKED THE LINUX KERNEL!!!");
Rebuild Linux:
./build-linux
Rerun:
./run
And after boot we see:
<6>[    0.000000] I'VE HACKED THE LINUX KERNEL!!!
Get a Linux terminal on QEMU by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
One time setup:
git clone https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat
cd linux-kernel-module-cheat
sudo apt install docker
python3 -m venv .venv
. .venv/bin/activate
./setup
./run-docker create
./run-docker sh
You are now in Docker.
Build everything from source inside docker:
./build --download-dependencies qemu-buildroot
Boot Linux and get a userland shell:
./run
Outcome:
<6>[    1.383114] NET: Registered protocol family 17
<6>[    1.383682] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
<6>[    1.385473] IPI shorthand broadcast: enabled
<6>[    1.385701] sched_clock: Marking stable (1355697980, 27047205)->(1385555667, -2810482)
<6>[    1.387744] ALSA device list:
<6>[    1.387843]   No soundcards found.
<6>[    1.535981] ata2.00: ATAPI: QEMU DVD-ROM, 2.5+, max UDMA/100
<5>[    1.543470] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM            QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     2.5+ PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
<6>[    1.548952] EXT4-fs (vda): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
<6>[    1.555909] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
<6>[    1.556145] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) on device 254:0.
<6>[    1.557451] devtmpfs: mounted
<6>[    1.605639] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1248K
<6>[    1.605875] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 16384k
<6>[    1.607977] Freeing unused kernel image (text/rodata gap) memory: 2044K
<6>[    1.610190] Freeing unused kernel image (rodata/data gap) memory: 1012K
<6>[    1.610495] Run /sbin/init as init process
<6>[    1.683311] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 3293.671 MHz
<6>[    1.683618] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x2f79f177aae, max_idle_ns: 440795226653 ns
<6>[    1.683849] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
<3>[    1.694241] 9pnet_virtio: no channels available for device host_data
mount: mounting host_data on /mnt/9p/data failed: No such file or directory
qemu-system-x86_64: warning: 9p: degraded performance: a reasonable high msize should be chosen on client/guest side (chosen msize is <= 8192). See https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9pset.
<3>[    1.712287] overlayfs: overlapping upperdir path
mount: mounting overlay on /mnt/overlay failed: Too many levels of symbolic links
hello S98
hello .profile
/lkmc
root@buildroot# pwd
/lkmc
/lkmc
root@buildroot#
Prelude: initial reports without specific websites (2018-) by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/Yahoo_CIA_website_article.png
Figure 1.
"Seriously a dumb question" Quora answer by Chris from the US Navy
.
Package managers by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated +Created
Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Video 1.
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source.
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
    Video 2.
    OurBigBook Web topics demo
    . Source.
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    • to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
    • as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact