Richard Cockburn Maclaurin (born in 1798 and died in 1878) was a notable Scottish mathematician and astronomer. He is best known for his work in the fields of mathematics and astronomy during the 19th century. Maclaurin contributed to various areas of mathematics, including calculus and geometry. He was part of the academic community at the University of Edinburgh, where he furthered his research and teaching in mathematical sciences.

Ron Goldman is a mathematician known for his work in various areas of mathematics, particularly in geometry and topology. His contributions often involve the study of mathematical problems that intersect with practical applications, such as those found in computer science and geometric algorithms. Beyond his research, he is also recognized for his role in mathematics education and has published materials aimed at both students and professionals in the field.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn’t widely recognized information about a person or entity named "Sophia Levy." It's possible that Sophia Levy could refer to a private individual, a business, or a fictional character that has emerged after my last update.

William Pogue (1930–2019) was an American astronaut, educator, and author. He is best known for his role as a NASA astronaut, having flown on the Skylab 4 mission in 1973, which was the last and longest manned mission to the Skylab space station. During this mission, Pogue and his crewmates conducted scientific experiments and observations while living in space for 84 days.

Charlie Papazian is a prominent figure in the brewing community, best known for his contributions to the craft beer movement in the United States. He is the author of the influential book "The Complete Joy of Homebrewing," which has helped countless individuals learn the art and science of brewing beer at home. Papazian is also a founder of the American Homebrewers Association and has played a significant role in promoting homebrewing and craft beer culture.

Ciara Sivels is known for her work in the field of engineering and for being a prominent advocate for diversity and inclusion in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). She has a notable background in engineering, particularly in the aerospace industry. She gained recognition for her efforts in mentoring young engineers and promoting greater representation of women and minorities in technical fields.

Yoshio Shimamoto is a prominent figure known for his contributions to the field of art, specifically as a Japanese artist and a key member of the Gutai group, which was an influential post-war art movement in Japan. The Gutai group, founded in 1954, was characterized by its emphasis on experimentation, the use of unconventional materials, and the integration of art with the physical environment.

David Lochbaum is a prominent nuclear engineer and safety advocate known for his work on nuclear power plant safety issues. He has been associated with the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), where he has focused on improving the safety and reliability of nuclear reactors. Lochbaum has authored various reports and articles addressing the risks associated with nuclear energy and has been involved in discussions about regulatory practices and emergency preparedness in the nuclear industry.

J. Michael Gilmore is known for being a significant figure in the field of academia, particularly in the areas of research, education, or industry. However, without specific context, it's difficult to provide a detailed answer. If you meant a specific person with notable achievements or a particular role (like a researcher, educator, author, etc.), please provide more context or specify which J.

As of my last update in October 2023, Jacek Jędruch does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure, academic, or significant personality in popular culture, history, or any other field. It’s possible that he may be a local figure, professional, or a person who gained prominence after that time, or he could simply be an individual with limited public visibility.

Mario P. Fiori is a name that may refer to individuals involved in various professional fields, but there is no widely known or prominent figure by that name in popular culture, science, or sports as of my last update in October 2023.

Ralph Izzo is an American businessman known primarily for his role in the energy sector. He serves as the chairman, president, and CEO of Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG), a publicly traded energy company based in New Jersey. Under his leadership, PSEG has focused on clean energy initiatives, sustainability, and advancements in technology to meet the evolving needs of energy generation and distribution. Izzo has a background in engineering and business, which has contributed to his strategic vision for PSEG.

American astrophysicists are scientists in the United States who study the physical properties and underlying processes of celestial objects and phenomena. Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy that applies the principles of physics and chemistry to understand stars, galaxies, black holes, the interstellar medium, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the universe as a whole. American astrophysicists work in various settings, including universities, government research institutions, and private organizations.

Beverley Taylor is not widely recognized as a specific term or entity as of my last update. It's possible that it could refer to a person, perhaps someone notable in a particular field, or it might be related to a specific context that isn't well-documented in mainstream sources.

Shock compression of condensed matter refers to the behavior of materials when subjected to high-pressure shock waves, typically generated by explosive detonations, impacts, or other rapid compression events. This phenomenon is crucial in various fields, including materials science, astrophysics, and planetary science, to understand the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme conditions. ### Key Aspects of Shock Compression: 1. **Shock Waves**: These are abrupt changes in pressure, temperature, and density traveling through a medium.

American geophysicists are scientists who study the physical processes and properties of the Earth using principles of physics. They may focus on various aspects of the Earth, including its structure, dynamics, magnetic and gravitational fields, and seismic activities. Geophysicists use techniques and tools such as seismic data analysis, satellite measurements, and computer modeling to investigate the Earth's interior and surface processes, contributing to our understanding of natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic activity, and climate change.

The term "American physicists by state" could refer to the distribution of physicists across different states in the United States. While there is no comprehensive public database that lists all physicists by state, we can generally infer that states with major research institutions, universities, and technological industries tend to have larger populations of physicists.

Biography of Enrico Fermi by fellow physicist, free rent on the on the Internet Archive: archive.org/details/enricofermiphysi0000segr

1932 Nobel Prize in Physics for cyclotron.