Peter Keevash is a mathematician known for his contributions to combinatorics, particularly in the areas of random graphs and design theory. He has made significant advances in understanding various combinatorial structures and their properties. Keevash has been involved in research related to extremal combinatorics and has also worked on topics such as the existence of combinatorial designs and the probabilistic method in combinatorics.

The Chaplygin problem is a classic problem in classical mechanics that deals with the motion of a rigid body. It specifically examines the motion of a rigid body that is constrained to roll without slipping along a surface. The problem is named after the Russian mathematician Sergey Chaplygin, who studied it in the context of the dynamics of solid bodies.

Peter LeComber is a Canadian mathematician known for his work in combinatorics, graph theory, and mathematical problems associated with these fields. He has contributed significantly to the study of various mathematical constructs, and his research often involves discrete mathematics and algorithms.

Early computers refer to the initial machines developed during the mid-20th century, which were designed to perform calculations and process information. These devices laid the groundwork for modern computing. Here’s a brief overview of some of the most significant early computers: 1. **Mechanical Computers**: - **Abacus**: One of the oldest calculating tools, used for arithmetic tasks.

The Benjamin–Ono equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that describes the propagation of long waves in one-dimensional shallow water, specifically in the context of surface water waves. It can also be viewed as a model for various other physical phenomena. The equation is named after the mathematicians Jerry Benjamin and A. T. Ono, who derived it in the 1960s.

Electronic calculators are portable, compact devices that perform mathematical calculations and operations. They utilize electronic components, typically powered by batteries or an external power source, to carry out arithmetic functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as more advanced operations, including square roots, trigonometric functions, and logarithms, depending on the model.

Descriptive geometry is a branch of geometry that deals with the representation of three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space. It provides techniques for accurately depicting the spatial relationships and dimensions of objects, allowing for the visualization and analysis of geometric shapes and structures. This field is particularly useful in engineering, architecture, and design, as it helps to create precise drawings and models. The principles of descriptive geometry were significantly developed by the French mathematician Gaspard Monge in the late 18th century.

The minimum \( k \)-cut problem is a classic problem in graph theory and combinatorial optimization. It involves partitioning the vertices of a given graph into \( k \) disjoint subsets (or "parts") in such a way that the total weight of the edges that need to be cut (i.e., the edges that connect vertices in different subsets) is minimized.

The Multi-fragment algorithm, also known as the Multi-fragment approach, is primarily associated with computer graphics and image processing, though the specific context can vary. Here’s a general overview: ### In Computer Graphics: In the context of rendering images, the Multi-fragment algorithm can refer to techniques used to handle visibility and shading calculations for overlapping surfaces.

The Bessel-Maitland functions are a class of special functions that generalize the well-known Bessel functions. They arise in the study of differential equations, particularly those that describe wave propagation, heat conduction, and other physical phenomena.

A bilinear program is a type of mathematical optimization problem that involves both linear and bilinear components in its formulation.

A binary constraint is a type of constraint that involves exactly two variables in a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). In the context of CSPs, constraints are rules or conditions that restrict the values that variables can simultaneously take. Binary constraints specify the relationships between pairs of variables and define which combinations of variable values are acceptable.