The Hellenic Mathematical Society (HMS) is a professional organization in Greece that aims to promote mathematical research, education, and communication. Established in 1910, the HMS serves as a platform for mathematicians in Greece and abroad to collaborate, share knowledge, and advance the field of mathematics. Key activities of the Hellenic Mathematical Society typically include: 1. **Organizing Conferences:** The society organizes national and international conferences, workshops, and seminars to facilitate discussions on various mathematical topics.
The history of computing is a fascinating journey that chronicles the evolution of computing machinery, algorithms, and the general concept of computation. Here’s an overview of key developments throughout this history: ### Ancient to Medieval Periods - **Abacus (circa 500 BC)**: The earliest known computing device, used for basic arithmetic calculations. - **Antikythera Mechanism (circa 150 BC)**: An ancient Greek analog computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses.
The history of logarithms dates back to the early 17th century and is closely tied to the development of mathematics, particularly in the fields of arithmetic and algebra. Here’s a brief overview of the key developments in the history of logarithms: ### Origins and Development - **Early Concepts**: The concept of logarithms began to take shape as mathematicians sought to simplify complex calculations, particularly multiplication and division. The need for easier computation methods was especially pronounced in astronomy and navigation.
Modular decomposition is a concept primarily used in graph theory and computer science, particularly in the study of algorithms and structures related to graphs. It involves breaking down a graph into its simpler, modular components or modules based on the relationships between its vertices. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Module**: In a graph, a module (or a strongly connected component) is a subset of vertices such that every vertex in this subset is equally connected to all the other vertices in the subset.
The history of manifolds and varieties is a rich and evolving narrative within mathematics, particularly in the fields of geometry, topology, and algebraic geometry. Here’s an overview of their development: ### Early Concepts 1. **Geometry and Curves (Ancient to Renaissance)**: Early thinkers like Euclid focused on geometric shapes, while the study of curves began to take shape during the Renaissance with the work of mathematicians like Descartes and Fermat.
The history of mathematical notation is a fascinating journey that reflects the evolution of mathematics itself, as well as changes in culture, language, and technology. Here’s a brief overview of the key developments in mathematical notation from ancient times to the modern era: ### Ancient Civilizations 1. **Babylonians (c. 2000 BC)**: The Babylonians used a sexagesimal (base-60) numeral system and recorded calculations on clay tablets.
Topology is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations. Topos theory, developed in the 1960s, represents a significant advancement in mathematical logic and category theory, providing a generalized framework for understanding notions in set theory, logic, and topology through the lens of category theory.
"Peter the Great" is a historical miniseries that originally aired in 1986. It is based on the life of Peter I of Russia, who is often referred to as Peter the Great. The series stars Maximilian Schell in the title role and features other notable actors like Vanessa Redgrave and Michael York.
The Hobbes-Wallis controversy refers to a philosophical and scientific debate from the 17th century that centered around the nature of mathematical truths and the existence of absolute space and time. This controversy primarily involved Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, and John Wallis, an English mathematician and theologian. The disagreement arose over several issues related to geometry and the nature of mathematical proofs. Hobbes was critical of the geometric methods employed by Wallis and other mathematicians of the time.
Iatromathematicians, or iatromathematics, refers to a historical approach where mathematics was applied to medicine. The term combines "iatro," meaning physician or medicine, with "mathematics." Iatromathematicians sought to use mathematical principles to understand and treat medical conditions, often through the analysis of bodily functions, medical statistics, and the quantitative assessment of diseases.
Jyotirmimamsa is a classical Indian text that belongs to the field of Jyotisha, which is the traditional Indian system of astrology and astronomy. The term "Jyotirmimamsa" can be translated as the "Reflection on Light" or "Philosophy of Light.
In mathematics, the term **order** can refer to several different concepts depending on the context. Here are a few key interpretations: 1. **Order of an Element**: In group theory, the order of an element \( g \) in a finite group is the smallest positive integer \( n \) such that \( g^n = e \), where \( e \) is the identity element of the group.
A Pascal matrix, named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, is a specific type of matrix that is defined using binomial coefficients. An \(n \times n\) Pascal matrix \(P_n\) is defined as follows: \[ P_n[i, j] = \binom{i + j}{j} \] for \(i, j = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, n-1\).
Jyā, koti-jyā, and utkrama-jyā are terms from classical Indian mathematics and astronomy, particularly in the context of trigonometry and spherical geometry. 1. **Jyā (ज्या)**: This term refers to what we would call the sine function in modern trigonometry. In classical Indian texts, "jyā" was used to describe the half-chord of an arc in a circle.
The Kraków School of Mathematics refers to a significant historical network of mathematicians centered in Kraków, Poland, particularly during the interwar period (1918-1939). This group was notable for its contributions to various fields of mathematics, including functional analysis, set theory, and topology.
The Kraków School of Mathematics and Astrology, often referred to simply as the Kraków School, was a prominent intellectual movement in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in Poland. It mainly revolved around the work of scholars associated with the University of Kraków, known for integrating mathematical and astrological studies into their academic pursuits. Key figures associated with this school included astronomers and mathematicians who sought to apply mathematical principles to the understanding of astronomy and astrology.
HydroCAD is a software program designed for stormwater modeling and management. It is primarily used by civil and environmental engineers to analyze the hydrology and hydraulics of stormwater systems, including drainage, detention, and retention systems. The software allows users to model various elements of stormwater management, such as: 1. **Hydrologic Calculations**: HydroCAD can perform rainfall runoff analysis using various methods, including the Rational Method, SCS Curve Number Method, and others.
Here's a list of some notable mathematicians who were born in the 19th century: 1. **Carl Friedrich Gauss** (1777–1855) - Often referred to as the "Prince of Mathematicians," he made significant contributions to many fields, including number theory, statistics, and astronomy.
Here’s a list of topics related to the history of mathematics that covers various eras, cultures, and significant developments: 1. **Ancient Mathematics** - Babylonian Mathematics - Egyptian Mathematics - Greek Mathematics (e.g., Euclid, Pythagoras, Archimedes) - Indian Mathematics (e.g., Aryabhata, Brahmagupta) - Chinese Mathematics (e.g., Liu Hui, Zhusha) 2.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact