Polishing in metalworking is a finishing process that enhances the surface quality of a metal workpiece by removing surface imperfections, such as scratches, oxidation, and roughness. The primary goal of polishing is to achieve a smooth, shiny, and reflective surface. This can improve both the aesthetic appearance and functional characteristics, such as corrosion resistance and ease of cleaning.
Conway group Co3 by Wikipedia Bot 0
The Conway group \( Co_3 \) is one of the sporadic simple groups in group theory, which are finite groups that do not fit into the standard classifications of groups like cyclic, abelian, or simple groups derived from groups of matrices or other well-known constructions.
II25,1 by Wikipedia Bot 0
The notation "II25,1" is not immediately recognizable as it does not correspond to a commonly known concept or term in popular subjects like mathematics, science, literature, or coding. However, if we break it down: - "II" could stand for the Roman numeral for 2, or it might denote a set of items, categories, or sections.
Canada (unit) by Wikipedia Bot 0
In the context of units, "Canada" typically does not refer to a specific unit of measurement like meters or kilograms. Instead, it refers to the country itself. However, if you are inquiring about a specific system of measurement used in Canada or related units, Canada uses the metric system, which includes meters, liters, and kilograms for most measurements.
Run MLperf v2.1 ResNet on Imagenette by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated +Created
Let's run on this Imagenet10 subset called Imagenette.
First ensure that you get the dummy test data run working as per MLperf v2.1 ResNet.
Next, in the imagenette2 directory, first let's create a 224x224 scaled version of the inputs as required by the benchmark at mlcommons.org/en/inference-datacenter-21/:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
rm -rf val224x224
mkdir -p val224x224
for syndir in val/*: do
  syn="$(dirname $syndir)"
  for img in "$syndir"/*; do
    convert "$img" -resize 224x224 "val224x224/$syn/$(basename "$img")"
  done
done
and then let's create the val_map.txt file to match the format expected by MLPerf:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/aaronpolhamus/964a4411c0906315deb9f4a3723aac57/raw/aa66dd9dbf6b56649fa3fab83659b2acbf3cbfd1/map_clsloc.txt
i=0
rm -f val_map.txt
while IFS="" read -r p || [ -n "$p" ]; do
  synset="$(printf '%s\n' "$p" | cut -d ' ' -f1)"
  if [ -d "val224x224/$synset" ]; then
    for f in "val224x224/$synset/"*; do
      echo "$f $i" >> val_map.txt
    done
  fi
  i=$((i + 1))
done < <( sort map_clsloc.txt )
then back on the mlperf directory we download our model:
wget https://zenodo.org/record/4735647/files/resnet50_v1.onnx
and finally run!
DATA_DIR=/mnt/sda3/data/imagenet/imagenette2 time ./run_local.sh onnxruntime resnet50 cpu --accuracy
which gives on P51:
TestScenario.SingleStream qps=164.06, mean=0.0267, time=23.924, acc=87.134%, queries=3925, tiles=50.0:0.0264,80.0:0.0275,90.0:0.0287,95.0:0.0306,99.0:0.0401,99.9:0.0464
where qps presumably means "querries per second". And the time results:
446.78user 33.97system 2:47.51elapsed 286%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 964728maxresident)k
The time=23.924 is much smaller than the time executable because of some lengthy pre-loading (TODO not sure what that means) that gets done every time:
INFO:imagenet:loaded 3925 images, cache=0, took=52.6sec
INFO:main:starting TestScenario.SingleStream
Let's try on the GPU now:
DATA_DIR=/mnt/sda3/data/imagenet/imagenette2 time ./run_local.sh onnxruntime resnet50 gpu --accuracy
which gives:
TestScenario.SingleStream qps=130.91, mean=0.0287, time=29.983, acc=90.395%, queries=3925, tiles=50.0:0.0265,80.0:0.0285,90.0:0.0405,95.0:0.0425,99.0:0.0490,99.9:0.0512
455.00user 4.96system 1:59.43elapsed 385%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 975080maxresident)k
TODO lower qps on GPU!
Affinity magnetic separation is a technique used to isolate or purify specific biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or cells, based on their affinity to magnetic particles. This method combines the principles of affinity chromatography and magnetic separation. Here's a general overview of how it works: 1. **Magnetic Particles**: The process involves the use of magnetic beads or particles that are coated with specific ligands (molecules that can bind to the target of interest).
KR-theory by Wikipedia Bot 0
K-theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of vector bundles and more generally, of the structure of topological spaces through the lens of algebra. It provides a framework for understanding various concepts in algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and operator algebras. **Key Aspects of K-theory:** 1. **Vector Bundles and K-groups**: The foundational object in K-theory is the vector bundle.
African Pygmies by Wikipedia Bot 0
The term "African Pygmies" generally refers to various ethnic groups who inhabit the central African rainforests, particularly in countries like Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These groups are known for their shorter stature compared to other populations, with adult males typically averaging between 4.5 to 5.5 feet tall.
After Dark is a software program originally developed by Berkeley Systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It became widely known for its collection of screen savers, which featured a variety of animations and visual effects that would activate when a computer was idle. The program gained popularity for its playful and whimsical designs, including iconic animations like flying toasters and flying sheep. After Dark was initially available for Macintosh computers and later released for Windows systems.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal, was reached in July 2015 between Iran and six world powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, and China). The agreement aimed to limit Iran's nuclear program in exchange for relief from economic sanctions. However, the aftermath of the JCPOA has been complicated and marked by several significant events: 1. **U.S.
Comma-separated values by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated +Created
Agathis australis by Wikipedia Bot 0
Agathis australis, commonly known as the Kauri tree, is a large coniferous tree native to New Zealand. It is part of the Araucariaceae family and is well-known for its impressive size, longevity, and the high-quality timber it produces. Kauri trees can grow up to 50 meters (approximately 164 feet) tall and can live for over a thousand years.
Age adjustment by Wikipedia Bot 0
Age adjustment, also known as age standardization, is a statistical technique used to allow for fair comparisons of health-related data across different populations that have varying age distributions. It is particularly useful in epidemiology and public health to analyze rates of events (such as disease incidence, mortality, etc.) when age is a significant risk factor. The basic idea of age adjustment is to remove the influence of age from the data being analyzed so that differences in rates are due to other factors rather than age composition.
Agent Communication Language (ACL) refers to a set of protocols and languages designed to enable communication between intelligent agents in multi-agent systems. These systems consist of multiple agents that interact and collaborate to achieve specific goals, solve problems, or perform tasks. ACLs facilitate the exchange of information, negotiation, and cooperation among agents by providing a structured format for messages.
Agflation by Wikipedia Bot 0
Agflation refers to the rise in agricultural prices, which can lead to increased food prices. The term is a portmanteau of "agriculture" and "inflation." Agflation can occur due to various factors, including: 1. **Supply Chain Disruptions**: Events such as natural disasters, pandemics, or geopolitical issues can affect the supply of agricultural goods.
A Girl for All Time is a British doll brand that combines elements of storytelling, historical education, and creative play. Launched in 2014, the company specializes in creating dolls that represent various historical periods, each accompanied by a related story, books, and accessories that reflect the time and culture of the character. The brand's dolls are designed for children aged 3 and older, but they also appeal to collectors and adults who appreciate high-quality craftsmanship.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a laboratory technique used to separate macromolecules, primarily proteins and nucleic acids, based on their size and charge. The method involves the use of a polyacrylamide gel, which serves as a medium through which the molecules can migrate when an electric field is applied.
Agreeableness by Wikipedia Bot 0
Agreeableness is one of the five major personality traits in the Five Factor Model (often referred to as the Big Five personality traits). This model is widely used in psychology to understand the different dimensions of human personality. Agreeableness reflects an individual's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, and empathetic towards others. People who score high on agreeableness are generally more likely to be trusting, helpful, and altruistic.
GABRA2 by Wikipedia Bot 0
GABRA2 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, specifically the GABA-A receptor. GABA receptors are critical for inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, playing a key role in regulating neuronal excitability and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. The GABRA2 gene is involved in various functions, including modulation of anxiety, sedation, and the development of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Preslav Nakov by Wikipedia Bot 0
Preslav Nakov is a researcher and scholar primarily known for his work in the fields of natural language processing (NLP), computational linguistics, and artificial intelligence. He has made contributions in areas such as sentiment analysis, information retrieval, and text mining. Nakov's work often involves the development of algorithms and models that improve the understanding and processing of human language by computers. He has published various papers in academic journals and conferences, advancing the state of the art in NLP technologies.

Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact