Tyco Toys was a toy company that became well-known for producing a variety of children's toys, particularly in the late 20th century. Founded in the 1920s, it initially started as a manufacturer of toy trains and later expanded its product line to include a wide range of toys, such as model cars, action figures, and board games.

Wm. K. Walthers, commonly known as Walthers, is a well-known company in the model railroading industry. Founded in 1932, the company is based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and specializes in manufacturing and distributing a wide range of products for model trains and railroads. Their offerings include model locomotives, rolling stock, buildings, scenery materials, and various accessories used in model railroading.

Java Model Railroad Interface (JMRI) is an open-source software system designed to help model railroaders control and manage their model train setups. It provides a platform for interfacing with various hardware components such as digital command control (DCC) systems, turnouts (switches), signals, and other related accessories. JMRI is built in Java and operates across multiple platforms (Windows, macOS, and Linux), making it highly accessible for users with different operating systems.

Ferrorama is a term that refers to a popular model train and railway enthusiast hobby that emphasizes creativity and craftsmanship. Specifically, it often pertains to creating miniature worlds using model trains, including detailed landscapes, buildings, and transportation systems. The term combines "ferro," meaning iron (often associated with railways), and “-rama,” suggesting a panoramic or expansive display.

H0m gauge is a model railway scale that specifically represents a narrow-gauge railway system. It uses a track gauge of 1:87 scale, which is common in H0 (or HO) scale modeling, but with narrower track spacing to reflect the characteristics of narrow-gauge railroads. The typical track gauge for H0m is 12 mm (0.

Model Railway Constructor is a magazine focused on the hobby of model railroading. It provides a variety of content related to building, customizing, and operating model train layouts. The magazine typically features articles on topics such as: 1. **Construction Techniques**: Guides and tips on building model railroads, including landscape creation, track laying, and detail work. 2. **Product Reviews**: Reviews of model trains, accessories, and tools that enthusiasts might use in their railroading projects.

Proto:87 is a model railroading concept and community that focuses on building and operating trains in a realistic scale, specifically in the context of narrow gauge railroads, typically using a 7mm scale (1:43.5) for models in a 00 gauge (1:76) space.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, ScaleSeven is a term that may refer to different things depending on the context. It's important to provide specifics for clarification since my information may not reflect recent developments. 1. **Business & Startups**: ScaleSeven could refer to a startup, consultancy, or service related to scaling businesses or technology. Companies that help other businesses grow and optimize their operations might use such a name.

The H0f gauge (pronounced "H zero f") is a specific reference used to measure the frequency response of hearing aids, particularly in terms of their output level at different frequencies. The "H0" typically refers to a standard reference point, while "f" generally denotes "frequency." This gauge is important in the fitting and evaluation of hearing aids to ensure they provide amplification that is appropriate for the user's hearing loss profile.

Protofour is a term that could refer to various concepts, products, or entities, but as of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized meaning or reference to "Protofour." It may be a term related to software, a specific technology, a product, or even a company that emerged after my last update.

Standard gauge refers to a specific track width used in model trains and toy train systems. In the context of model railroading, standard gauge typically refers to a track gauge of 2 inches (50.8 mm) between the rails. This is commonly associated with larger scale toy trains, such as those produced by Lionel and other manufacturers, particularly in the early 20th century. Standard gauge toy trains are notable for their robust construction and larger size compared to O scale and HO scale trains.

Trago Mills is a chain of discount retailers in the United Kingdom, primarily known for its large warehouse-style stores that offer a wide range of products at competitive prices. The stores typically feature items such as home goods, garden supplies, clothing, food, and various other consumer items. Trago Mills is particularly notable for its unique shopping experience, with extensive indoor and outdoor displays. The company was founded in 1970 by Bruce M.

Bound water, also known as "bound moisture," refers to water that is tightly adhered to the surface of molecules or within the structure of materials, such as soil, food, and biological tissues. This water is not free to move or evaporate easily, in contrast to free water, which can be more freely available and mobile. In the context of soil, bound water exists in a thin layer around soil particles and is crucial for the hydration of plants and microorganisms.

The Golden State Model Railroad Museum is a prominent model railway exhibition located in Richmond, California. It is known for showcasing intricate and detailed model railroad layouts, which replicate real-life railroads and scenes from various eras. The museum features an impressive collection of model trains, landscapes, and structures, and it often includes interactive exhibits that engage visitors of all ages. The museum serves as a hub for model railroad enthusiasts, offering a space for both display and education.

Erodibility refers to the susceptibility of a soil or sediment to erosion, which is the process of being worn away and transported by wind, water, or ice. Erodibility is influenced by various factors, including: 1. **Soil Texture**: The size and distribution of soil particles (sand, silt, clay) affect how easily soil can be eroded. For example, sandy soils tend to have higher erodibility compared to clay soils.

The Drucker–Prager yield criterion is a mathematical model used in plasticity theory and continuum mechanics to describe the yielding behavior of materials, particularly those that exhibit pressure sensitivity, such as soils and certain polymers. This criterion is an extension of the von Mises yield criterion, which is typically used for metals, and it takes into account the effects of hydrostatic stress.

A flow net is a graphical representation used in geotechnical engineering and hydrology to analyze and visualize the flow of fluids, primarily groundwater, through porous media. It consists of a network of intersecting lines that represent equipotential lines and flow lines. Here are the key components and features of flow nets: 1. **Flow Lines**: These are lines that indicate the path along which water flows. They represent the direction of fluid movement.

The P-y method is a widely used approach in geotechnical engineering for analyzing the behavior of laterally loaded pile foundations in soil. It provides a way to model the lateral resistance (p) provided by the surrounding soil as a function of the lateral displacement (y) of the pile. This method is particularly useful for predicting how piles will behave under lateral loads, such as those caused by wind or seismic forces.

Rankine theory, also known as Rankine's method or Rankine's stability theory, is a concept in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering that focuses on the behavior of soil under lateral earth pressures. Named after the British engineer William John Macquorn Rankine, the theory provides a simplified approach to calculate the earth pressure acting on retaining walls, excavations, and earth structures.

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon where saturated soil loses its strength and stiffness in response to applied stress, such as shaking during an earthquake or vibrations from heavy machinery. When this occurs, affected soil behaves like a liquid, leading to a significant reduction in its load-bearing capacity. Liquefaction typically occurs in loose, water-saturated granular soils, like sand or silt, when pore water pressure increases rapidly and causes the soil particles to lose their contact with each other.