Aviation and the environment encompass a wide range of issues related to the impact of air travel and aircraft operations on the natural world. As the aviation industry has grown, concerns have emerged regarding its environmental footprint, which includes: 1. **Greenhouse Gas Emissions**: Commercial aircraft emit carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (e.g., nitrogen oxides, water vapor) at high altitudes, contributing to global warming and climate change.

Open-streets events, also known as open streets or open road events, are community activities that temporarily close certain streets to motor vehicle traffic. The primary aim is to create a safe and accessible environment for pedestrians, cyclists, and other non-motorized forms of transportation. These events often promote physical activity, community engagement, and public health.

Vehicle emission controls refer to the technologies, systems, and regulations implemented to reduce the amount of harmful pollutants released into the atmosphere from motor vehicles. These controls aim to minimize the environmental impact of transportation and improve air quality. Here are some key components of vehicle emission controls: 1. **Engine Design**: Modern engines are designed for better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. This includes advancements in combustion processes and materials that withstand higher temperatures.

DAFNE stands for "Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating." It is a structured education program designed for individuals with type 1 diabetes. The program focuses on helping participants manage their diabetes through a more flexible and informed approach to insulin dosing, particularly in relation to carbohydrate intake. DAFNE emphasizes the understanding of carbohydrate counting, insulin adjustment, and lifestyle choices, allowing people with diabetes to enjoy a wider variety of foods while maintaining good blood glucose control.

The environmental effects of transport encompass a wide range of impacts stemming from various modes of transportation, including road vehicles, rail, air travel, and shipping. These effects can be categorized into several key areas: 1. **Air Pollution**: Transportation is a significant source of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The environmental effects of transport in Australia are multifaceted and can be understood through various lenses, including air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, habitat destruction, noise pollution, and biodiversity loss. Here’s a detailed overview: ### 1. **Greenhouse Gas Emissions** - **Carbon Footprint**: The transport sector is a significant contributor to Australia's greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for about 18-20% of the total emissions.

"Transport by metropolitan area" typically refers to the various modes and systems of transportation utilized within a metropolitan area. Metropolitan areas, which are densely populated urban regions that often encompass surrounding suburbs, have complex transport networks that may include: 1. **Public Transit**: This includes buses, subways, light rail, and commuter trains that facilitate travel within and between urban and suburban areas.

Transport by sea or ocean, often referred to as maritime transport, involves the movement of goods or passengers across large bodies of water. This mode of transport is crucial for global trade and plays a significant role in the economy of many countries. Here are some key aspects of maritime transport: 1. **Types of Vessels**: Various types of vessels are used in maritime transport, including container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers, LNG carriers, passenger ships, ferries, and fishing boats.

Make Cars Green is an initiative that focuses on promoting environmental sustainability in the automotive industry. It aims to encourage manufacturers to produce greener vehicles and to advocate for policies that support environmental standards and practices in car production and usage. The initiative typically emphasizes the importance of reducing carbon emissions, improving fuel efficiency, and promoting the development and adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles.

Mobility transition refers to the ongoing transformation in how people and goods move within and between urban and rural areas, influenced by technological, social, environmental, and economic changes. This transition encompasses various aspects, including: 1. **Sustainability**: A shift towards more sustainable modes of transportation, such as electric vehicles, public transit, cycling, and walking, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.

"New car smell" refers to the distinct, often pleasant odor that is noticeable in a newly manufactured vehicle. This scent is the result of various materials used in the car's construction, including plastics, textiles, leather, adhesives, and other chemical compounds. When a car is built, many of these materials emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they off-gas—this process can release various scents.

Non-exhaust emissions refer to pollutants released into the environment that are not a result of fuel combustion but arise from other processes related to the use of vehicles, particularly those with internal combustion engines. These emissions can be attributed to a variety of sources, including: 1. **Tire Wear**: As tires wear down, tiny particles are released into the air. These particles can contribute to particulate matter pollution.

"Transport by city" typically refers to the different modes of transportation available within a particular city and how the city's infrastructure supports movement of people and goods. This can include various forms of transport such as: 1. **Public Transit:** Buses, subways, trams, and light rail systems that provide affordable and accessible transportation options for residents and visitors. 2. **Private Vehicles:** Cars and motorcycles that are commonly used for personal transportation, including the availability of parking facilities and traffic management.

Land transport refers to the movement of people and goods using vehicles and infrastructure that exist on land. This mode of transportation includes various methods and systems, such as: 1. **Road Transportation**: This involves vehicles like cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles that travel on roads and highways. It is one of the most common forms of transport due to its flexibility and accessibility. 2. **Rail Transportation**: This includes trains and trams that run on tracks.

Vehicle modification refers to the process of altering or enhancing a vehicle's original design and specifications. This can encompass a wide range of changes, including aesthetic improvements, performance upgrades, and functional enhancements. Vehicle modifications can be made for various reasons, including improving performance, increasing comfort, enhancing safety, personalizing appearance, or complying with specific regulations.

In slang, "anorak" typically refers to someone who is overly enthusiastic or obsessive about a particular topic, often to the point of being socially awkward. This term originally came from British slang, where "anorak" refers to a type of waterproof jacket often worn by train spotters or other hobbyists who spend a lot of time outdoors.

Transportation in the Philippines varies significantly by location due to the country's archipelagic nature, economic activity, infrastructure development, and geographic features. Here’s a breakdown of transportation methods commonly found in different regions: ### 1. **Metro Manila (National Capital Region)** - **Public Transit**: The Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MRT) and the Light Rail Transit System (LRT) are essential for commuter traffic. Buses and jeepneys are widely used for both short and long distances.

"Bridges by mode of traffic" typically refers to the categorization of bridges based on the types of vehicles or modes of transportation that they accommodate. This can include several categories, such as: 1. **Road Bridges**: Designed for vehicular traffic, including cars, trucks, and buses. These are often the most common types of bridges. 2. **Rail Bridges**: Specifically built to accommodate trains and rail traffic.

Double-deck transport refers to a transportation system or vehicle design that features two distinct levels or decks, allowing for increased capacity and efficiency. This concept can be applied to various modes of transport, including: 1. **Buses**: Double-decker buses have two levels of seating, providing more capacity for passengers without significantly increasing the vehicle's footprint. They are commonly found in urban settings and tourist areas.

Water transport, also known as maritime transport, is the movement of goods and people over water using various types of vessels. This mode of transport is one of the oldest and most efficient methods for moving large quantities of cargo across long distances. Water transport can take place on oceans, rivers, lakes, and canals. ### Key Aspects of Water Transport: 1. **Types of Vessels:** - **Cargo Ships:** Designed specifically to carry cargo.