Active Queue Management (AQM) refers to a set of network management techniques used to prevent network congestion by actively managing the packets that are queued in routers or switches. Instead of simply dropping packets when the queue becomes full (which is a passive approach), AQM techniques involve monitoring queue lengths and actively controlling the flow of packets to maintain optimal performance and minimize packet loss.

Adaptive Quality of Service (QoS) Multi-Hop Routing refers to a routing technique in network communications that adapts to varying network conditions while ensuring that Quality of Service requirements are met. This method is particularly relevant in environments where multimedia data (such as voice and video) need to be transmitted reliably and with minimal delay, and it is often applied in wireless ad hoc networks, sensor networks, and mobile networks.

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol that allows clients and servers to negotiate which application-layer protocol they will use over a secure connection. It is especially useful in scenarios where a single port is used for multiple protocols, such as HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, or even other protocols like WebSocket.

Argus – Audit Record Generation and Utilization System (ARGUS) is a system developed for managing and utilizing audit records, particularly in the context of cybersecurity and information assurance. It serves as a comprehensive framework for generating, collecting, analyzing, and reporting on audit logs from various systems and applications. The primary purpose of ARGUS is to enhance the security posture of organizations by providing visibility into user activities, system events, and potential security breaches.

Autonomic networking refers to the concept of designing and implementing computer networks that can manage themselves with minimal human intervention. This approach draws inspiration from the autonomic nervous system in biological organisms, which regulates bodily functions automatically without conscious effort. The main objectives of autonomic networking include: 1. **Self-Configuration**: The network can automatically configure and reconfigure itself to accommodate changes in its environment or operational requirements. This includes tasks like adding or removing devices and optimizing settings.

A broadcast storm is a network condition that occurs when there is an excessive amount of broadcast traffic on a network. Broadcast traffic is data packets sent to all devices on a local area network (LAN). When a large number of broadcast packets are generated, they can overwhelm the network, leading to degraded performance or network failure. ### Causes of Broadcast Storms: 1. **Faulty Network Equipment**: Malfunctioning switches, routers, or network interface cards (NICs) can generate excessive broadcast packets.

Bufferbloat is a phenomenon that occurs in computer networks when excessive buffering of packets leads to high latency and jitter, negatively impacting the performance of real-time applications such as online gaming, video conferencing, and VoIP (Voice over IP). While buffering is typically used to absorb bursts of traffic and smooth out network congestion, when buffers are set too large, they can lead to delays in packet transmission.

The Committed Information Rate (CIR) is a term commonly used in telecommunications, particularly in the context of services like frame relay and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). CIR refers to the guaranteed minimum data rate that a service provider commits to deliver to a customer or subscriber. Key aspects of CIR include: 1. **Guaranteed Bandwidth**: CIR ensures that the customer has access to a specific minimum bandwidth for the duration of the connection.

The Blue queue management algorithm is a technique used in networking to manage packet buffers in routers and switches, particularly in the context of Active Queue Management (AQM). It was designed to address some of the limitations of traditional queuing methods by providing a way to control congestion and improve overall network performance. ### Key Features of the Blue Algorithm: 1. **Random Early Detection (RED) Inspired**: Blue shares some similarities with RED but differs in its implementation.

A fully switched network is a type of network architecture where all devices (such as computers, servers, and other endpoints) are connected through switches. In this configuration, each device has a dedicated connection to the switch, allowing for full-duplex communication. This means that data can be sent and received simultaneously, leading to improved performance and reduced collisions compared to traditional shared network architectures.

Hierarchical Fair-Service Curve (HFSC) is a network scheduling algorithm designed to manage bandwidth allocation in a way that ensures fair and efficient service to different classes of traffic in a multi-level hierarchy. It was developed to overcome limitations found in earlier scheduling and traffic management techniques by combining aspects of both class-based queuing and traffic shaping.

As of my last update in October 2023, "Intorel" does not refer to a widely recognized term, brand, or concept. It's possible that it could be a company name, product, or perhaps a specific term in a niche field that has emerged recently or is not widely known.

**Cross-layer interaction** and **service mapping** are concepts often discussed in the context of network management, system architecture, and distributed systems. Here’s a brief overview of each: ### Cross-layer Interaction 1. **Definition**: Cross-layer interaction refers to the communication and collaboration between different layers of a system or architecture. This is particularly important in network protocols, where layers (like the application, transport, network, and link layers) typically operate independently.

A Network Performance Monitoring Solution is a set of tools and technologies designed to assess, manage, and optimize the performance of a computer network. These solutions help organizations ensure that their networks operate efficiently and reliably, which is essential for supporting business operations, applications, and end-user experiences.

A network scheduler is a system or software component designed to manage and optimize the allocation of resources within a network. This can involve a variety of tasks, depending on the type of network (e.g., computer networks, telecommunication networks, etc.), but generally includes: 1. **Traffic Management**: Controlling the flow of data packets to ensure efficient use of bandwidth. This can involve prioritizing certain types of data over others, implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies, and reducing congestion.

Network traffic control refers to the techniques and methodologies used to manage the flow of data over a network. Its primary purpose is to ensure efficient and reliable data transmission while maximizing the performance of the network. Network traffic control can involve various strategies and technologies to regulate, prioritize, or limit the amount of data transmitted across a network to prevent congestion and ensure fair resource allocation among users and applications.

Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, thereby reducing latency and bandwidth use. It involves processing data at or near the source of data generation, such as IoT devices, sensors, or local edge servers, rather than relying solely on centralized data centers.

"Elephant flow" is a concept that typically pertains to data networking and refers to large data flows that consume significant bandwidth, often contrasting with "mouse flows," which are smaller, more routine data transmissions. In computer networking, flows can be characterized by the amount of data being transmitted and the duration of the transmission. Elephant flows can be associated with tasks like data backups, large file transfers, or streaming video, while mouse flows might consist of smaller data packets related to web browsing or quick transactions.

The Erlang is a unit of measurement used in telecommunications to quantify the traffic load on a telecommunications system. It is named after the Danish mathematician and engineer Agner Krarup Erlang, who made significant contributions to the field of queueing theory and traffic engineering. One Erlang represents the continuous use of one voice path or channel.

The term "errored second" typically refers to a time period or interval in which an error occurs or a measurement fails. This can be used in various contexts such as: 1. **Computing and Data Processing**: In systems that process data in real-time, an "errored second" may be recorded when a fault or error happens in the system's operation, such as a failure to process data correctly or an unexpected behavior in software or hardware.