Light dues are charges levied on ships using certain ports and waterways to help fund the maintenance and operation of navigational aids, such as lighthouses, buoys, and other signaling systems that assist in marine navigation. These dues are typically paid based on the size, type, and tonnage of the vessel and are used to ensure the safety and efficiency of maritime traffic. The concept and rates can vary by country, but the overarching goal is to support maritime infrastructure necessary for safe navigation.

A Local Notice to Mariners (LNM) is a publication issued by a maritime authority or agency, such as the U.S. Coast Guard in the United States, that provides important information to mariners regarding navigational safety and changes in waterway conditions. The LNM typically includes information on: 1. **Navigation Aids**: Updates or changes to buoys, lights, and other navigational aids.

A Long Baseline Acoustic Positioning System (LBAP) is a navigation system used primarily in underwater environments to determine the position of an object, such as a submersible, underwater vehicle, or sonar device, relative to a reference point. The system operates using sound waves, which are a reliable means of communication and navigation in water due to their ability to travel long distances while being less susceptible to interference than electromagnetic waves.

Radar navigation is a technique used to determine the position and movement of objects, typically in aviation, maritime, and terrestrial applications, by using radar technology. The term "radar" stands for "Radio Detection and Ranging," which involves the transmission of radio waves and the analysis of their reflections off objects. Here's how radar navigation works: 1. **Transmission**: A radar system emits a pulse of radio waves into the atmosphere or over the surface of the earth.

Longitude by chronometer refers to a method of determining a ship's longitude at sea using a marine chronometer. This innovative technique was developed in the 18th century, primarily credited to the work of British clockmaker John Harrison. To calculate longitude using a chronometer, the following steps are typically followed: 1. **Timekeeping**: A marine chronometer is a highly accurate timepiece that is set to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Magnetic deviation, also known as compass deviation, is the error in a magnetic compass reading caused by local magnetic fields interfering with the Earth's magnetic field. This deviation occurs when there are ferromagnetic materials or electromagnetic fields nearby, which can distort the compass needle's alignment with the Earth's magnetic field. Deviation can happen due to various factors, including: 1. **Metal Structures**: Large metal objects, such as ships' hulls or buildings, can create magnetic fields that affect compass readings.

A maritime pilot, often referred to simply as a "pilot," is a highly trained maritime professional who is responsible for navigating ships through dangerous or congested waters, such as harbors, rivers, or coastal areas. Pilots possess specialized knowledge of local maritime conditions, including depths, currents, tides, and potential hazards. Here are some key points about maritime pilots: 1. **Local Expertise**: Maritime pilots are experts in the specific waters they navigate.

Micronesian navigation refers to the traditional wayfinding techniques used by the peoples of Micronesia, a region in the western Pacific Ocean comprising thousands of islands. These navigational methods have been developed over centuries and are based on a deep understanding of the ocean, the stars, and the natural environment.

Navigable servitude is a legal concept primarily in the context of property law in the United States that refers to the right of the public to navigate certain bodies of water, which may include rivers or lakes, despite the property rights of adjacent landowners. This concept maintains that navigable waters are considered public resources, and therefore, the government has the authority to ensure that these waterways remain open for navigation and transportation.

"Navigation season" generally refers to the period during which navigational activities, such as shipping and boating, are most viable and safe. This can vary significantly depending on the geographical location and the specific body of water in question. In temperate regions, navigation season often aligns with the warmer months when ice has melted and weather conditions are more favorable, typically ranging from late spring to early fall.

Navigational algorithms are computational procedures or techniques used to determine the path that an entity (such as a robot, vehicle, or character in a video game) should take to reach a destination while avoiding obstacles and optimizing performance based on certain criteria. These algorithms are crucial in various fields, including robotics, computer graphics, game development, and autonomous vehicle navigation.

A navigational instrument is a device or tool used to determine a person's position, course, and direction while traveling, particularly in the context of maritime or aerial navigation. These instruments are crucial for ensuring safe and accurate travel across various terrains and environments. Common types of navigational instruments include: 1. **Compass**: Indicates magnetic north and helps determine direction. 2. **GPS (Global Positioning System)**: Uses satellite signals to provide precise location data.

A route card is a document or tool used primarily in outdoor activities like trekking, climbing, or cycling, and in certain operational settings such as military or emergency response scenarios. It serves several purposes, including: 1. **Navigation Aid**: It provides detailed information about the route to be taken, including waypoints, distances between points, estimated travel times, and important landmarks.

A running survey generally refers to a type of survey method used in research and data collection that involves continuously collecting data over a period of time, rather than at a single point. This approach is often employed in various contexts, including market research, public opinion polling, and social science research, to gather ongoing feedback or track changes over time. Some key characteristics of running surveys include: 1. **Continuous Data Collection**: Data is collected regularly, allowing researchers to monitor trends and shifts in opinions or behaviors.

Seamanship is the art and skill of operating and navigating a vessel at sea. It encompasses a wide range of knowledge and practical skills necessary for the safe and efficient handling of a ship or boat. Key aspects of seamanship include: 1. **Navigation**: Understanding how to chart a course, use navigational instruments, and read nautical charts and maps.

The World Port Index is a comprehensive directory published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that provides detailed information about ports and terminals around the world. The index serves as a resource for mariners and shipping professionals, offering essential data to facilitate navigation and logistics. Key features of the World Port Index include: 1. **Port Information**: It contains GPS coordinates, port facilities, and services available at each port, including berthing, anchorage, and cargo handling capabilities.

A sector light is a type of navigational aid used in maritime navigation, typically associated with lighthouses or buoys. It emits light in specific sectors or segments, indicating safe passage through channels, hazards, or safe areas. Each sector is usually colored differently (such as red, green, or white) to represent different navigational information, such as the safe or dangerous areas for vessels.

"Set" and "drift" are terms often used in various contexts, but they can have specific meanings depending on the field: 1. **In Navigation (Maritime or Aerial):** - **Set:** Refers to the direction in which a current or wind is pushing a vessel or aircraft away from its intended course. It is typically expressed as a bearing (e.g., degrees on a compass).

A subsea marker is a device or tool used in underwater environments to indicate, identify, or provide information about specific locations or objects on the seafloor. These markers are commonly employed in various industries, such as oil and gas, marine research, cable and pipeline installation, and underwater construction.

"Joy Morris" does not refer to any widely recognized concept, event, or person as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It could refer to a specific individual, a fictional character, or perhaps a local reference.