The Matochkin Strait is a waterway located in the Russian Arctic, separating the Novaya Zemlya archipelago into two main parts: Severny (Northern) Island to the west and Yuzhny (Southern) Island to the east. The strait connects the Barents Sea to the Kara Sea and serves as an important navigational route in the region. Its waters are characterized by polar conditions, with ice cover occurring for much of the year, making navigation challenging.

2s/2p energy split in the hydrogen emission spectrum, not predicted by the Dirac equation, but explained by quantum electrodynamics, which is one of the first great triumphs of that theory.

Note that for atoms with multiple electrons, 2s/2p shifts are expected: Why does 2s have less energy than 1s if they have the same principal quantum number?. The surprise was observing that on hydrogen which only has one electron.

Initial experiment: Lamb-Retherford experiment.

On the return from the train from the Shelter Island Conference in New York, Hans Bethe managed to do a non-relativistic calculation of the Lamb shift. He then published as The Electromagnetic Shift of Energy Levels by Hans Bethe (1947) which is still paywalled as of 2021, fuck me: journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.72.339 by Physical Review.

The Electromagnetic Shift of Energy Levels Freeman Dyson (1948) published on Physical Review is apparently a relativistic analysis of the same: journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.73.617 also paywalled as of 2021.

TODO how do the infinities show up, and how did people solve them?

www.mdpi.com/2624-8174/2/2/8/pdf History and Some Aspects of the Lamb Shift by G. Jordan Maclay (2019)

Sphuṭacandrāpti is a Sanskrit term used in the context of Indian philosophy and logic, particularly in the study of epistemology and rational inquiry. The term can be broken down into two components: "Sphuṭa," meaning clear or distinct, and "candrāpti," which may refer to the attainment or realization of a quality or truth. The concept is often associated with discussions on the clarity of knowledge or cognition.

"Quantity" refers to a measurable property or attribute of an object or phenomenon that can be expressed numerically. It indicates how much of something exists and can apply to a wide range of subjects, including physical objects, time, volume, weight, distance, and more. In mathematics and science, quantities can often be classified as: 1. **Scalar Quantities**: These are quantities that have magnitude only and no direction. Examples include temperature, mass, and speed.

The value of science is multifaceted, touching on various aspects of human existence, knowledge, and societal development. Here are several key points that highlight its significance: 1. **Understanding the Natural World**: Science provides a systematic way to explore and understand the universe, from the smallest particles to the vastness of galaxies. It helps us uncover the laws of nature and the principles that govern life.

Richard Feynman Quantum Electrodynamics Lecture at University of Auckland (1979) mentions it several times.

This was one of the first two great successes of quantum electrodynamics, the other one being the Lamb shift.

In youtu.be/UKbp85zpdcY?t=52 from freeman Dyson Web of Stories interview (1998) Dyson mentions that the original key experiment was from Kusch and Foley from Columbia University, and that in 1948, Julian Schwinger reached the correct value from his calculations.

Apparently first published at The Magnetic Moment of the Electron by Kusch and Foley (1948).

Bibliography:

Olog is a term that can refer to several different concepts depending on the context. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Olog (Ology)**: In a more informal or humorous sense, "olog" is often used as a suffix to create playful names for various fields of study (like "biolog" for biology, "geolog" for geology, etc.), especially in discussions of pseudo-disciplines or in casual contexts.

In mathematics, the term "degeneracy" can have several meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Here are a few common interpretations across different areas of mathematics: 1. **Linear Algebra:** In the context of linear algebra, degeneracy often refers to a situation where a certain set of vectors does not span the entire space or fails to be linearly independent.

Boolean-valued refers to the notion of values and operations that are based on Boolean logic, a binary system that deals with truth values. In Boolean logic, there are only two possible values: "true" (often represented as 1) and "false" (often represented as 0). The primary operations in Boolean algebra include: - **AND** (conjunction): The result is true only when both operands are true.

The 97.5th percentile point in a dataset or distribution is the value below which 97.5% of the observations fall. In other words, if you were to rank all the data points in ascending order, the 97.5th percentile would be the point at which only 2.5% of the data points are higher.

The "magic angle" is a term used primarily in the context of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and solid-state NMR. It refers to a specific angle, approximately 54.74 degrees (or arccos(1/√3)), at which the anisotropic interactions in a solid sample can be effectively averaged out. This is particularly relevant for studying solid materials where the molecular orientations can lead to broadening of NMR signals.

A mathematical constant is a fixed, well-defined number that is significant in mathematics. Unlike variables, which can change values, constants remain the same. They often arise in various mathematical contexts and can represent fundamentally important quantities. Examples of widely known mathematical constants include: 1. **Pi (\( \pi \))**: Approximately equal to 3.14159, it represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.