Rubik's 360 is a puzzle designed by Ernő Rubik, the creator of the original Rubik's Cube. Released in 2011, the Rubik's 360 is a three-dimensional puzzle that consists of a spherical shell containing smaller balls. The objective of the puzzle is to maneuver and rotate the outer shell to get all the colored balls to the corresponding colored slots at the bottom of the sphere.

Rubik's Magic is a puzzle designed by Erno Rubik, the same inventor behind the iconic Rubik's Cube. Released in 1987, Rubik's Magic consists of a grid of squares connected by ribbons or elastic bands. The puzzle typically features a set of tiles with patterns or colors on them. The objective of Rubik's Magic is to rearrange the tiles to achieve a specific configuration, typically resulting in a flat shape or a particular design.

A Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) is a graphical representation used primarily in radiotherapy and radiation treatment planning to assess and quantify the distribution of radiation dose within a given volume of tissue. It provides valuable information about how much of a specific volume of tissue receives a particular dose of radiation. ### Key Components of a DVH: 1. **X-Axis (Dose Axis)**: Represents the radiation dose delivered, usually measured in Gray (Gy).

"The Tower of Hanoi – Myths and Maths" refers to a combination of the classic puzzle known as the Tower of Hanoi and some common misconceptions or myths associated with it, as well as the mathematical principles underlying the puzzle. ### The Tower of Hanoi Puzzle The Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle that consists of three pegs and a number of disks of different sizes that can slide onto any peg. The puzzle starts with the disks stacked in increasing size on one peg, smallest at the top.

Dmitry Ioffe is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. His work often involves research in areas like quantum mechanics, superconductivity, and semiconductors. Ioffe's research and publications have made significant impacts on the understanding of material properties and their applications.

Nuclear medicine is a specialized field of medical imaging and therapy that utilizes radioactive materials, or radiopharmaceuticals, for diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions. It involves the use of small amounts of radioactive substances to carry out imaging and therapeutic procedures. ### Diagnostic Uses In diagnostic applications, nuclear medicine techniques can visualize the function of organs and tissues.

"Beam's eye view" is a term often used in relation to photography and cinematography to describe a perspective that mimics the viewpoint of a beam of light or a laser beam, typically emphasizing the direct line of sight from the beam's origin to its target. This concept can be applied in various contexts, such as highlighting how light interacts with objects in its path, creating dramatic visual effects or emphasizing perspectives in storytelling.

Carbon-11-choline is a radiotracer used primarily in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. It is a synthetic compound that incorporates the radioactive isotope Carbon-11 (C-11), which has a half-life of about 20.4 minutes. This rapid decay allows for imaging procedures to be conducted shortly after its administration. Carbon-11-choline is particularly useful in the detection and characterization of certain tumors, especially prostate cancer.

A DaT scan, or dopamine transporter scan, is a type of SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging used to assess the function of dopamine transporters in the brain. It is primarily utilized for the differential diagnosis of movement disorders, particularly to help differentiate between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as essential tremor or other atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

Medieval English mathematicians were scholars and thinkers who contributed to the field of mathematics during the medieval period, roughly spanning from the 5th to the late 15th centuries. This era saw a continuation and preservation of classical mathematical knowledge, along with the introduction of new ideas influenced by other cultures, particularly through Islamic scholarship.

Holism is a philosophical and conceptual approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding systems and phenomena as a whole rather than merely as a collection of parts. The term comes from the Greek word "holos," meaning "whole" or "entire." Holism suggests that the properties and behaviors of a system cannot be fully understood by examining its individual components in isolation; instead, the interactions and relationships between those components contribute significantly to the system's overall functionality and characteristics.

Dose Area Product (DAP) is a measure used in radiology to quantify the potential radiation exposure to patients during diagnostic imaging procedures, particularly in the context of X-ray and fluoroscopy examinations. It represents the product of the radiation dose (measured in Gray, Gy) received by the patient and the area of the irradiated field (measured in square centimeters, cm²). DAP is typically expressed in units of Gray-centimeters squared (Gy·cm²).

EGS can refer to different things depending on the context. One common interpretation is "Educational Guidance Services," which focuses on providing support and resources for students in educational settings. In another context, EGS might stand for "Economic Growth Strategy" in relation to economic planning and development.

Electroencephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a neuroimaging technique that combines two distinct methodologies: electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Each technique has its strengths and limitations, and their combination aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of brain activity. ### Electroencephalography (EEG): - **Nature of Measurement**: EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp.

Yuri Zhuravlyov is a mathematician known for his contributions to various areas within mathematics, particularly in the field of mathematical logic, set theory, and the theory of algorithms. He has been involved in research and education, contributing to the understanding and development of mathematical theories. Unfortunately, detailed and specific biographical information about Zhuravlyov may not be widely available, and his work may not be as prominently featured as that of some other mathematicians.

A gamma camera, also known as a scintillation camera, is a medical imaging device used primarily in nuclear medicine to visualize and assess various functions of organs and tissues in the body. It detects gamma radiation emitted by radioactive tracers administered to a patient, typically for diagnostic purposes. ### Key Components: 1. **Collimator**: A lead-containing device that allows only gamma photons emitted from specific angles to reach the detector, helping to improve image resolution.

A gamma probe is a medical instrument used in the field of nuclear medicine, particularly in the surgical setting, to detect and localize gamma radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during procedures. It is primarily used in sentinel lymph node biopsies, cancer surgeries, and intraoperative detection of abnormal tissues. **Key features and uses of gamma probes include:** 1.

Ioflupane (123I), also known by its trade name DaTscan, is a radiopharmaceutical used primarily in medical imaging. It is a iodine-123 labeled compound that binds to the dopamine transporter, which is a protein found in the presynaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. This binding allows for the visualization of the density and function of these neurons using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a medical technique that involves the application of short bursts of high-voltage electrical pulses to biological tissues, resulting in the permanent disruption of cell membrane integrity. This process allows therapeutic agents to enter cells or can lead to cell death. ### Key Features of Irreversible Electroporation: 1. **Mechanism**: The electric pulses create pores in cell membranes.

High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a specialized diagnostic technique used to evaluate the motility (movement) and function of the esophagus and other gastrointestinal (GI) tract segments. It provides detailed information about the pressure dynamics within these structures, which is critical for diagnosing various esophageal disorders.