Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique that uses X-ray equipment to create detailed 3D images of the body, particularly the bone structures and dental anatomy. Unlike traditional CT scans, which use a series of flat X-ray images taken from multiple angles to create cross-sectional images, CBCT employs a cone-shaped X-ray beam that captures a volumetric image in a single rotation around the patient.

The term "John's equation" is not widely recognized or established in scientific literature or mathematics as a standard term. It could refer to a specific equation in a certain context related to a person named John or a particular field of study. Could you provide more context or details about the equation you’re referring to? This would help in providing a more accurate answer.

Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is a specialized imaging technique that extends the principles of conventional computed tomography (CT) to provide quantitative measurements of various tissues in the body, particularly bone and lung tissues. QCT uses advanced algorithms and imaging techniques to obtain numerical data about the density or composition of tissues. This quantitative approach allows for more accurate assessments than qualitative imaging alone.

X-ray notation is a system used in the field of crystallography to describe the arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice. It is particularly useful in the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from crystalline materials. The notation typically includes the identification of crystal planes and directions in terms of Miller indices. Miller indices are a set of three integers (h, k, l) that denote the orientation of a plane in a crystal lattice.

The Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, officially known as the Fudan University Eye and ENT Hospital, is a specialized medical institution in Shanghai, China. It focuses on medical, surgical, and educational services related to eye and ear, nose, and throat health. As part of Fudan University, one of China's prestigious academic institutions, the hospital is involved in teaching and research in these fields.

Al-Ashraf Umar II was an important figure in the history of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and Syria. He served as the Sultan from 1434 to 1445. His reign is noted for its efforts to maintain stability in the region and handle internal and external challenges, including conflicts with the Ottoman Empire. Umar II is often recognized for his attempts to reform the administration and military of the Mamluk state.

Eduard Prugovečki is a mathematician known for his work in areas such as logic, set theory, and mathematical foundations. He has contributed to various mathematical topics, including the study of nonstandard analysis and mathematical logic. Prugovečki is also recognized for his writings and textbooks that address complex mathematical concepts, making them more accessible to students and researchers.

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani was a notable Arab scholar, poet, and historian from the 10th century. He was born in the region that is present-day Yemen. Al-Hamdani is particularly recognized for his works in geography, history, and poetry, and he is often credited with significant contributions to the understanding of the Arabian Peninsula and its cultures during the Islamic Golden Age.

The Brumer-Stark conjecture is a significant hypothesis in number theory that relates to the structure of abelian extensions of number fields and their class groups. It plays a crucial role in the study of L-functions and their special values, specifically in the context of p-adic L-functions and the behavior of class numbers. The conjecture can be understood in relation to certain aspects of class field theory.

Matej Pavšič is a name that could refer to various individuals, but without specific context, it's challenging to provide precise information. As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there may not be widely known notable figures by that name.

Apéry's theorem is a result in number theory that concerns the value of the Riemann zeta function at positive integer values. Specifically, the theorem states that the value \(\zeta(3)\), the Riemann zeta function evaluated at 3, is not a rational number. The theorem was proven by Roger Apéry in 1979 and is significant because it was one of the first results to demonstrate that certain values of the zeta function are irrational.

The arithmetic zeta function, often associated with number theory, is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function, which traditionally sums over integers. The arithmetic zeta function, denoted by \( \zeta(s) \), is defined in various ways depending on the context, typically involving sums or products over prime numbers or algebraic structures. One prominent example of an arithmetic zeta function is the **Dedekind zeta function** associated with a number field.

The Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture is a significant result in number theory, specifically in the theory of modular forms and automorphic forms. It was formulated by mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan and Hans Petersson and deals with the growth rates of the coefficients of certain types of modular forms.

A Dirichlet character is a complex-valued arithmetic function \( \chi: \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{C} \) that arises in number theory, particularly in the study of Dirichlet L-functions and Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions.

The Eichler–Shimura congruence relations are important results in the field of arithmetic geometry, particularly in the study of modular forms, modular curves, and the arithmetic of elliptic curves. They describe deep relationships between the ranks of certain abelian varieties, specifically abelian varieties that are associated with modular forms.

The Igusa zeta function is a mathematical object that arises in number theory and algebraic geometry, particularly in the context of counting points of algebraic varieties over finite fields. It is a generalization of the classical zeta function associated with a variety defined over a finite field. The Igusa zeta function is particularly useful in the study of the solutions of polynomial equations over finite fields.

P-adic L-functions are a concept in number theory and algebraic geometry that arises in the study of p-adic numbers and L-functions. They are closely related to both classical L-functions (like Riemann zeta functions and Dirichlet L-functions) and p-adic analysis.

The Euler product formula expresses the Riemann zeta function \(\zeta(s)\) as an infinite product over all prime numbers. Specifically, it states that for \(\text{Re}(s) > 1\): \[ \zeta(s) = \prod_{p \text{ prime}} \frac{1}{1 - p^{-s}} \] where \(p\) varies over all prime numbers.

The Siegel zero is a concept in number theory, particularly in the field of analytic number theory. It refers to a hypothetical zero of a certain class of Dirichlet L-functions, specifically those associated with non-principal characters of a Dirichlet character modulo \( q \). The Siegel zero is named after Carl Ludwig Siegel, who studied these functions.

Stieltjes constants are a sequence of complex numbers that appear in the context of analytic number theory, particularly in relation to the Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet series. They were introduced by the mathematician Thomas Joannes Stieltjes in the late 19th century.