Oceanography of Canada refers to the study and exploration of the country's oceanic and coastal systems, which are profoundly influenced by its geography and climate. Canada has the longest coastline of any country in the world, bordered by three major oceans: the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. This vast and diverse marine environment plays a critical role in the country’s ecology, economy, and climate.

A **nozzle** and a **flapper** are both components commonly found in various mechanical systems, but they serve different functions: ### Nozzle 1. **Definition**: A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of fluid flow as it exits an enclosed chamber or pipe. 2. **Function**: It adjusts the velocity and pressure of the fluid, compressing or expanding the flow as needed.

In the context of Wikipedia, "Oceanography stubs" refer to short or incomplete articles related to oceanography that need expansion. These stubs provide some basic information about a topic but do not provide comprehensive coverage. The purpose of labeling something as a stub is to encourage contributors to add more content and improve the quality of the article. Oceanography, as a scientific discipline, encompasses various aspects of the ocean, including its physical, chemical, geological, and biological properties.

Paleoceanography is the study of the ocean's history and its interactions with the Earth's climate and ecosystems over geological timescales. This field of research focuses on understanding the changes in oceanic conditions, such as temperature, salinity, circulation patterns, and biological productivity, through the analysis of sediment cores, fossils, chemical signatures, and isotopic data.

Underwater diving companies are businesses that offer various services and products related to scuba diving and other forms of underwater exploration. These companies can vary widely in their focus and offerings, including: 1. **Dive Shops**: Retail outlets that sell diving gear, equipment, and accessories, such as masks, fins, wetsuits, tanks, and regulators. They may also provide gear rental services.

"Underwater explorers" typically refers to individuals or groups who explore underwater environments, often for purposes such as research, archaeological investigation, environmental monitoring, or recreation. This exploration can involve activities like scuba diving, snorkeling, underwater photography, and the use of submarines or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to access deeper or more challenging underwater areas.

Acoustic release refers to a method used to remotely release underwater equipment, such as scientific instruments, traps, or moorings, using sound waves. This technique relies on acoustic signals to trigger a release mechanism without the need for physical retrieval or manual intervention. ### How It Works: 1. **Deployment**: The equipment is deployed underwater and typically anchored to the seabed.

The term "Aethiopian Sea" refers to what is now known as the "Red Sea." This name was used in ancient times, particularly in Greek literature. The Aethiopian Sea was adjacent to the region of Aethiopia, which in ancient texts often referred to parts of Africa south of Egypt, predominantly the areas around modern-day Sudan and Ethiopia.

The Ekman spiral is a phenomenon in oceanography and meteorology that describes the layered pattern of water movement in the ocean that results from wind stress and the Coriolis effect. When the wind blows across the surface of the ocean, it exerts a force on the water, causing it to move. However, because of the Earth's rotation, this movement is not straightforward. ### Key Features of the Ekman Spiral: 1. **Wind Stress**: The wind pushes the surface layer of water.

Equatorial Rossby waves are a type of wave that occurs in the atmosphere and oceans near the equator. They are part of a broader classification known as Rossby waves, which are large-scale waves that result from the rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect) and the gradient of pressure in the atmosphere. Equatorial Rossby waves are characterized by their unique properties at low latitudes, primarily due to the atmospheric dynamics in this region.

The European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) was a significant research initiative aimed at studying the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and the broader implications for the environment and society. Funded by the European Union, EPOCA ran from 2008 to 2012 and brought together scientists from various disciplines and countries to collaborate on research related to ocean chemistry and the biological effects of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the ocean.

The Antarctic Technology Offshore Lagoon Laboratory (ATOLL) is a research initiative aimed at exploring and developing technologies suited for operations in extreme Antarctic conditions, particularly for offshore and lagoon environments. ATOLL typically focuses on topics such as environmental monitoring, resource management, and the study of marine ecosystems affected by climate change.

Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) is an important concept in oceanography and marine science that describes the difference between the amount of oxygen that is expected to be present in seawater (based on thermodynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere) and the actual amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water. It is essentially a measure of how much oxygen has been consumed by biological processes, particularly the respiration of marine organisms.

Aquarius is a scientific instrument that was part of the SAC-D (Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas-D) mission, which was launched by Argentina on June 10, 2011. Aquarius was developed by NASA in collaboration with the Argentine Space Agency (CONAE) and was designed to measure ocean salinity from space.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a region near the equator where the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. This convergence leads to rising air, which causes significant cloud formation and precipitation, making the ITCZ a crucial component of the global climate system. Asymmetry of the ITCZ refers to the uneven distribution and behavior of this zone between the two hemispheres.

Shane Davis is an astrophysicist known for his work in the field of astrophysics and cosmology, particularly involving topics such as galaxy formation, dark matter, and the large-scale structure of the universe. His research often involves the use of simulations and computational models to understand the behavior of cosmic structures and their evolution over time. Davis has contributed to academic literature and may have been involved in various scientific collaborations or projects aimed at unraveling the complexities of the universe.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean that plays a crucial role in regulating climate, particularly in the North Atlantic region. It involves the movement of warm, salty water from the tropics towards the North Atlantic, where it cools, becomes denser, and sinks to the ocean floor. This deep water then travels back southward, completing a global conveyor-belt-like circulation pattern.

Biogenous ooze is a type of sediment found on the ocean floor that is primarily composed of the remains of living organisms. This ooze is formed from the accumulation of biological materials, such as the shells, skeletons, and other lithified remains of marine organisms like phytoplankton (microscopic plant-like organisms) and zooplankton (animal-like organisms).