William Jolitz is known for his contributions to computer science and operating system development, particularly in relation to the BSD UNIX operating system. He, along with his wife, contributed to creating the 386BSD operating system in the early 1990s, which was one of the first free and open-source versions of the BSD operating system that supported the Intel 80386 microprocessor.

Artificial intelligence ethicists are professionals who study and address the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their applications. They analyze the potential impact of AI on society, individuals, and various sectors, seeking to ensure that AI systems are developed, deployed, and used in ways that align with ethical principles and societal values.

Computer security academics, often referred to as cybersecurity or information security studies, is a field of education and research focused on the protection of computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, damage, theft, or disruption. It encompasses a wide range of topics and disciplines that aim to understand the principles, technologies, and methodologies needed to safeguard information in the digital age.

Knowledge engineering is a field of artificial intelligence and computer science that focuses on the integration of knowledge into computer systems to solve complex problems. Researchers in knowledge engineering work on the design, development, and implementation of systems that can acquire, represent, and utilize knowledge. Their work often involves: 1. **Knowledge Representation**: Developing frameworks and languages to represent information about the world in a way that computers can process. Common methods include ontologies, semantic networks, and rules.

Detection and estimation theory is a branch of statistical signal processing that focuses on the detection of signals and the estimation of parameters related to those signals in the presence of noise and uncertainty. This theory is widely used in various fields, including telecommunications, radar, sonar, and biomedical engineering, among others.

The term "British computer scientists" refers to individuals from the United Kingdom who have made significant contributions to the field of computer science. This includes researchers, theorists, and practitioners who have engaged in various aspects of computing, including algorithms, artificial intelligence, software engineering, cybersecurity, and more. Some notable British computer scientists include: 1. **Alan Turing** - Often considered the father of computer science, Turing made groundbreaking contributions to mathematics, logic, and the development of early computers.

Chilean computer scientists refer to individuals from Chile who specialize in the field of computer science. This includes researchers, educators, and professionals who work on various aspects of computer science, including algorithms, artificial intelligence, software engineering, data science, and more. Chile has a growing community of computer scientists, with many universities and research institutions involved in computer science education and research.

Software testing refers to the process of evaluating and verifying that a software application or system meets specified requirements and functions correctly. The people involved in software testing are typically referred to as software testers, QA (Quality Assurance) engineers, or QA analysts. Their roles and responsibilities include: 1. **Designing Test Cases:** Based on requirements and specifications, testers create detailed test cases that outline the steps to be followed during testing.

The term "Argentine computer scientists" refers to professionals and researchers in the field of computer science who are from Argentina or are of Argentine origin. These individuals may work in various areas of computer science, including software development, artificial intelligence, data science, cybersecurity, and more. Argentina has a vibrant tech community, with many universities offering computer science programs and contributing to research and innovation in the field.

"Latvian computer scientists" generally refers to individuals from Latvia who specialize in the field of computer science. This can include researchers, developers, and academics who are engaged in various areas of computer science, such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, data science, cybersecurity, networking, and more. Latvian computer scientists may work in academia, government institutions, or private industry.

The term "computer specialists" encompasses a wide range of professionals working in various fields related to computers and technology, including software developers, IT support specialists, data analysts, network engineers, cybersecurity experts, and more. These specialists come from diverse nationalities and backgrounds, as the technology sector is global in nature. The distribution of computer specialists by nationality can vary significantly depending on factors such as the location of technology companies, the availability of training and education in computer science, and immigration policies.

Czech computer scientists have made significant contributions to various fields within computer science, including algorithms, artificial intelligence, software engineering, and theoretical computer science. Some well-known Czech computer scientists include: 1. **Miloš Škerlep** - Known for his work in the areas of algorithms and their applications. 2. **Jiří Wiedermann** - A prominent figure in theoretical computer science and automata theory.

The term "German computer scientists" refers to individuals from Germany who have made significant contributions to the field of computer science. This can include a wide range of professionals and researchers involved in various aspects of computer science, such as software development, algorithm design, artificial intelligence, machine learning, theoretical computer science, computer engineering, and more.

The term "Irish computer scientists" refers to individuals from Ireland who work in the field of computer science, which involves the study of computers, algorithms, programming, and the theoretical foundations of information and computation. This can include academic researchers, software engineers, developers, and technology professionals who contribute to various areas such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, software development, and more. Ireland has a vibrant technology sector and is home to numerous tech companies and research institutions.

"Discoveries" by Jane Luu is a book or work that likely focuses on themes of exploration, innovation, or personal growth, but without more specific information, it's challenging to provide precise details. As of my last update in October 2023, Jane Luu is a well-known astronomer, particularly recognized for her contributions to the discovery of trans-Neptunian objects and her work in the field of planetary science.

The term "Lebanese computer scientists" refers to individuals from Lebanon who specialize in the field of computer science. This includes researchers, educators, and professionals who contribute to various areas such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, data science, and more. Lebanon has a rich academic tradition, with several universities offering computer science programs, and it has produced notable computer scientists who have made significant contributions both locally and internationally.

"Moldovan computer scientists" refers to individuals from Moldova, a country in Eastern Europe, who specialize in computer science. This can include professionals, researchers, and academics engaged in various fields within computer science, such as software development, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, data science, computer engineering, and more. Moldovan computer scientists may work in various sectors, including academia, industry, or startups, and they often contribute to both local and international tech communities.

Namibian computer scientists refer to individuals from Namibia who specialize in computer science and its various subfields. This includes areas such as software development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and information technology, among others. Namibia has a growing interest in developing its tech industry and fostering education in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.

Nigerian computer scientists are individuals from Nigeria who specialize in the field of computer science, which encompasses a wide range of topics including algorithms, software development, artificial intelligence, networking, cybersecurity, and data science, among others. These professionals contribute to various aspects of technology and research, both within Nigeria and internationally. Nigeria has a growing technology ecosystem, with numerous universities and research institutions producing skilled graduates in computer science and related fields.

"Norwegian computer scientists" generally refers to individuals from Norway who specialize in the field of computer science, which encompasses areas such as software development, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, data science, and more. The term does not refer to a specific concept or organization but rather to the contributions, research, and academic work of individuals or groups hailing from Norway in the broader field of computing.