Broken cryptography algorithms refer to cryptographic algorithms that have been compromised or rendered insecure due to vulnerabilities found in their design, implementation, or both. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to decrypt confidential data or forge digital signatures, thereby undermining the security that these algorithms were intended to provide. There are several reasons an algorithm might be considered "broken": 1. **Mathematical Weaknesses**: An algorithm may have inherent flaws that allow attackers to break it using mathematical techniques.

Ann Selzer is a well-known American pollster and the president of Selzer & Company, a polling firm based in Iowa. She is recognized for her expertise in public opinion research and has gained a reputation for conducting reliable and accurate polls, particularly during election cycles. Selzer's polling methodology and her insights into voter behavior have been influential in understanding political trends, especially in Iowa, which is a key state in the presidential nomination process.

Bruhat order is a partial order on the elements of a Coxeter group, particularly related to the symmetric group and general linear groups. It provides a way to compare the "sizes" or "positions" of elements based on their factorizations into simple reflections.

Bruria Kaufman is known for her contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and operator theory. She was an influential mathematician and is recognized for her work in advancing the understanding of various mathematical concepts. Additionally, Kaufman was a member of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she made significant contributions to the academic community. Her legacy also extends to her role as a mentor and advocate for women in mathematics, inspiring many through her work and dedication to the field.

Brute-force search is a straightforward algorithmic approach used to solve problems, particularly in optimization, search, and combinatorial contexts. It entails systematically exploring all possible combinations or solutions to identify the best one or to confirm the presence of a solution. Here’s a breakdown of its characteristics: 1. **Exhaustive Search**: Brute-force methods evaluate every conceivable option, even when the solution space is vast.

Bruun's FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm is a variation of the traditional FFT algorithm designed specifically for efficient computation of the Fourier transform. It's particularly used in fields like signal processing and image analysis. However, it is worth noting that Bruun's name is often associated with wavelet transforms and time-frequency analysis rather than with the FFT directly.

The Bry and Boschan routine refers to a statistical algorithm developed by economists Arthur Bry and Charlotte Boschan for identifying business cycle turning points, such as peaks and troughs in economic activity. The routine is designed to analyze economic time series data—typically gross domestic product (GDP) or other economic indicators—to systematically determine when economies enter recessions and recover from them.

BS 7671 is the British Standard for electrical wiring regulations in the UK. Officially titled "IET Wiring Regulations," it provides guidelines and requirements for the design, installation, inspection, and testing of electrical systems in buildings. The standard is maintained by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and is updated periodically to reflect technological advancements and safety improvements.

"Buchan Spells" refers to a collection of spells and incantations that are part of the folkloric traditions of the Buchan area in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. These spells often involve themes of healing, protection, and divination, and they reflect the local culture and beliefs tied to the natural world.

The Geophysical Tomography Group generally refers to a specialized research group or laboratory focused on the application of tomographic methods to geophysical problems. These groups typically use techniques similar to those used in medical imaging, such as seismic tomography, to analyze and interpret subsurface structures and properties of the Earth.

"Limousin" can refer to different things depending on the context: 1. **Region in France**: Limousin is a historic region in south-central France, known for its beautiful landscapes, rural charm, and historical towns. It is characterized by its rolling hills, lakes, and forests. The region is also known for its distinctive cuisine and cultural heritage.

Spot-future parity is a financial principle that defines the relationship between the spot price of an asset and its futures price in a frictionless and efficient market. According to this concept, the current spot price of an asset and its futures price should be in equilibrium, taking into account the cost of carry. The cost of carry includes factors such as storage costs, financing costs, and any income generated from holding the asset (like dividends or interest).

Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who made significant contributions across various fields, including statistics, celestial mechanics, and probability theory. He is best known for his work in the formulation of the laws of gravitation and the development of a mathematical approach to classical mechanics known as Laplacian mechanics. One of his key achievements is the "Laplace Transform," a technique widely used in engineering and physics to solve differential equations.

The SPOT Satellite Messenger is a personal satellite communication device designed to provide users with a means of communication when they are outside of traditional cellular coverage areas. It allows users to send messages and alerts for various purposes, such as notifying friends and family of their location, requesting assistance, or checking in during outdoor activities like hiking, camping, or boating.

As of my last update, the Buffalo Bulls men's basketball program has several statistical leaders in various categories, including points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. However, for the most accurate and updated statistics, you would need to refer to the official University at Buffalo athletics website or the latest season's records, as individual and team statistics can change with ongoing seasons. Typically, statistical leaders can include notable players from recent years or throughout the program's history in single-season and all-time categories.

SQ can refer to several things depending on the context, but if you're asking about a program, it typically refers to "Structured Query Language" (SQL), which is a standard programming language used for managing and manipulating databases. However, if "SQ" specifically refers to another program or an acronym related to software, technology, or specific applications, additional context would be needed to provide a more precise answer.

Burstable billing refers to a pricing model commonly used in cloud computing and telecommunications that allows users to exceed their allocated resources temporarily without incurring additional costs for the base level of usage. This approach is particularly beneficial for workloads that experience sudden spikes or fluctuations in demand. Here's how it works: 1. **Base Allocation**: Users typically have a set allocation of resources, such as CPU, memory, or bandwidth, which they can use regularly without incurring additional charges.

2012 VP113 is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) that was discovered in November 2012. It is classified as a candidate for a part of the scattered disk, a distant region of the Solar System populated by icy bodies. 2012 VP113 is of particular interest because its orbit suggests that it might be influenced by the gravitational pull of a massive, yet unseen object in the outer Solar System, often referred to as "Planet Nine.

Burst error-correcting codes are specialized error-correction codes designed to detect and correct a series of consecutive bits that have been corrupted in a communication channel. Unlike random errors, where a few bits might change here and there, burst errors involve a contiguous sequence of errors caused by factors like noise, interference, or signal degradation in transmission mediums.

The Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located in Bushehr, Iran. It is the first nuclear power plant in the country and has been a significant point of focus in discussions surrounding Iran's nuclear energy program and broader geopolitical tensions. Here are some key details about the plant: 1. **Construction and Development**: The construction of the Bushehr plant began in the 1970s but was interrupted due to the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and subsequent conflicts.