Formalist film theory is an approach to studying and analyzing films that emphasizes the form and structure of the film over its content or social context. This theory investigates how the aesthetic elements of cinema—such as editing, cinematography, sound, and mise-en-scène—contribute to the overall meaning and experience of the film.

Fracture in polymers refers to the phenomenon where a polymer material breaks or fails under stress or external forces. This breakdown can occur in several forms, often influenced by the type of polymer, its molecular structure, and the environmental conditions. Here are some key points to understand about fracture in polymers: 1. **Types of Fracture**: - **Ductile Fracture**: This type of fracture occurs in materials that can undergo significant plastic deformation before breaking.

In mathematics, particularly in the context of operations on sets and data, a "mediant" refers to a specific type of rational number derived from two fractions.

The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that occurs in concrete when alkalis (sodium and potassium) from cement or aggregate react with certain types of silica found in some aggregates. This reaction can lead to the formation of a gel-like substance that absorbs water and expands, causing internal pressure within the concrete. **Key Points about ASR:** 1.

The Charpy impact test is a standardized high-energy impact test used to determine the toughness or impact resistance of materials, particularly metals. It assesses how well a material can absorb energy during a high-velocity impact and how susceptible it is to failure under such conditions. ### Key Aspects of the Charpy Impact Test: 1. **Test Specimen**: The test involves a notched specimen, typically a rectangular bar with a specified size.

A Crack Growth Resistance Curve, often referred to as a J-R curve (J-Resistance Curve), is a graphical representation used in materials science and fracture mechanics to illustrate the relationship between crack growth resistance and stable crack extension in materials, particularly in ductile materials. ### Key Components: 1. **J-Integral**: This is a measure of the energy release rate or driving force for crack growth. It is a path-independent integral used to characterize the stress and strain field near the crack tip.

Crocodile cracking, also known as alligator cracking, refers to a network of interconnected cracks that form on the surface of asphalt pavements. These cracks resemble the skin of a crocodile or alligator, hence the name. Crocodile cracking is typically indicative of structural distress in the pavement and is often caused by a combination of factors including: 1. **Fatigue**: Repeated loadings from traffic lead to the breakdown of the pavement structure.

The "default effect," also known as the "status quo bias" or "default bias," refers to the tendency of people to stick with pre-set options or the existing state of affairs because changing requires effort, decision-making, or a perceived risk. In various contexts, such as behavioral economics, decision-making, and marketing, defaults can significantly influence people's choices and behaviors. For example: 1. **Retirement Savings**: Many employers offer retirement plans where employees are automatically enrolled unless they opt out.

The Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone is a significant geological feature located in the Atlantic Ocean. It is an oceanic fracture zone that runs approximately along the 15° to 20° North latitude. This zone is characterized by a series of transform faults and associated features that occur at the boundary between tectonic plates. Fracture zones are typically formed as a result of tectonic processes and are associated with the movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates.

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a form of corrosion that occurs in metals under the combined influence of tensile stress and a corrosive environment. It leads to the progressive and localized deterioration of material, which may result in catastrophic failure if not monitored or mitigated. SCC is particularly problematic because it can occur in structures and components that are otherwise resistant to corrosion.

A list of fracture zones usually refers to geological features found in the ocean floor that are characterized by faults or fractures in the Earth's crust. These zones are often associated with tectonic plate boundaries and are significant in the study of plate tectonics, seafloor spreading, and earthquake activity.

The Vema Fracture Zone is a significant geological feature located in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a transform fault that runs roughly parallel to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, extending from southeastern South America towards the southern African continental shelf. The fracture zone is characterized by its complex system of faults and sedimentary basins, which are formed as tectonic plates interact.

Haltlose personality disorder is not a formally recognized diagnosis in contemporary psychology or psychiatry. The term "haltlose" is derived from a German word that translates to "uncontrolled" or "unrestrained." In some contexts, it has been used to describe a personality style characterized by impulsivity, erratic behavior, and difficulties in emotional regulation or self-control.

A frame of reference is a set of criteria or values in relation to which measurements or judgments can be made. In various contexts, it refers to the perspective from which an observer measures and interprets physical phenomena. Here are several contexts in which the concept of a frame of reference is commonly used: 1. **Physics**: In physics, a frame of reference is typically a coordinate system or set of coordinates used to measure and analyze the positions and motions of objects.

The International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) is a fundamental framework used in astronomy to define the positions of celestial objects. It provides a standardized reference system for the sky, similar to how the International Reference System (IRS) provides a reference for positions on Earth. ### Key Features of the ICRS: 1. **Fixed Reference Frame**: The ICRS is designed to be a quasi-inertial reference frame, meaning it doesn't move relative to distant stars.

The Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM) is part of the Fraunhofer Society, a renowned organization in Europe dedicated to applied research and development. The IWM focuses on the field of materials science and mechanics, specifically investigating the behavior of materials under various conditions and processes. The institute conducts research aimed at understanding the mechanical properties of materials, including their strength, durability, and performance over time.

Open Roberta is an open-source initiative that aims to provide a user-friendly programming environment for educational robotics and coding. It was developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems in Germany. The platform offers a web-based interface where users, particularly students and educators, can program various types of robots using a visual programming language based on blocks, similar to Scratch or Blockly.

"Free independence" is not a standard term or concept commonly found in academic or philosophical literature. However, it might refer to ideas related to independence in a context where individuals are free to make choices without external constraints or coercions, especially in the realms of personal autonomy, political freedom, or economic independence.

ArabTeX is a system designed for typesetting Arabic and Persian scripts using TeX, a typesetting system widely used for producing high-quality documents. Developed by Martin Burrows, ArabTeX allows users to include Arabic text in their documents while providing support for proper typesetting conventions that are unique to these languages, such as right-to-left text direction and the contextual shaping of Arabic letters. ArabTeX operates by translating Arabic script into a kind of transliteration that can be processed by TeX.

Yet Another Previewer, often abbreviated as YAP, is a software tool used for previewing documents, typically involving formats like LaTeX, Markdown, or similar types of documents. The main purpose of YAP is to provide a quick and easy way to visualize how a document will appear when finally rendered or printed, allowing users to see changes in real time as they edit their documents.