Ehud Kalai is a prominent Israeli mathematician and game theorist known for his significant contributions to the fields of game theory, economics, and decision-making. His research often focuses on topics such as probability theory, social choice theory, and auctions. Kalai's work has implications in various areas, including economics, political science, and algorithm design. He has published numerous papers and articles and has been involved in various academic institutions.

Eric Maskin is an American economist known for his contributions to mechanism design theory, a field within economics that analyzes how to create economic mechanisms or incentives that lead to desired outcomes. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2007, alongside Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson, for their work in this area. Maskin's work has important implications for a variety of fields, including auctions, voting systems, and public goods provision.

Hervé Moulin is a French economist and game theorist known for his contributions to the fields of economics, particularly in auction theory, social choice theory, and mechanism design. He has worked on issues related to the efficiency of resource allocation and the strategic behavior of individuals in economic environments. His research often involves the use of mathematical models to analyze how certain auction formats and voting systems can be optimized to achieve better outcomes.

Beryllium has several isotopes, but the most significant ones are: 1. **Beryllium-7 (Be-7)**: This isotope has a mass number of 7 and is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of about 53.1 days. It is produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of cosmic rays with nitrogen and oxygen. Beryllium-7 decays by beta decay into lithium-7.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Farshad Fatemi may refer to an individual, perhaps in academia, business, or another field, but without a specific context, it's difficult to provide a precise answer. If he is a notable figure that emerged or gained recognition after that date, I would not have information on him.

Friederike Mengel is a notable researcher in the field of economics, particularly known for her work in game theory and experimental economics. She is a professor and has contributed to various studies exploring how individuals make decisions in strategic situations. Mengel's research often involves empirical methods to understand behavior in economic contexts and how different variables can affect decision-making processes.

Howard Raiffa (1924-2016) was a prominent American mathematician and a key figure in the fields of decision science, operations research, and game theory. He made significant contributions to the understanding of decision-making under uncertainty and the processes involved in negotiation and conflict resolution. Raiffa is well-known for his work on the development of analytical frameworks for making decisions, including the concept of multi-criteria decision analysis.

Hugo Steinhaus was a prominent Polish mathematician known for his work in various fields, including functional analysis, probability theory, and mathematical logic. Born on January 14, 1887, in what is now Poland, he became a significant figure in the Polish mathematical community and was associated with the Lwów School of Mathematics. Steinhaus was well-known for his collaborative work with other mathematicians, including Stefan Banach and Włodzimierz H corski.

László Mérő is a Hungarian psychologist, mathematician, and author known for his work in cognitive science and decision theory. He has made contributions to the understanding of human reasoning, decision-making, and the intersection of psychology and mathematics. Mérő is also recognized for his popular science books and writings, which often explore complex ideas in an accessible manner. Additionally, he has been involved in the development of educational tools and games that promote mathematical thinking and logical reasoning.

John Glen Wardrop is best known for his contributions to the field of transportation engineering, particularly for formulating the Wardrop Principles, which are fundamental to the study of traffic flow and equilibrium in transportation networks. The first of these principles states that traffic will distribute itself across a network in such a way that no driver can reduce their travel time by changing routes, leading to what's called a "user equilibrium.

Robert W. Rosenthal is an American psychologist renowned for his contributions to social psychology, particularly in the areas of expectancy effects and experimental psychology. He is most famous for his work on the "Rosenthal effect," also known as the "Pygmalion effect," which describes how higher expectations from teachers can lead to improved performance in students. Rosenthal's research has examined the interplay of expectation, communication, and behavioral outcomes in various contexts, including education and interpersonal relationships.

A gravitational field is a region of space near a mass where another mass experiences a force due to the gravitational attraction of the first mass. It represents the influence that a massive object, such as a planet or star, exerts on any other object with mass within its vicinity.

R. Duncan Luce is a prominent American mathematician and psychologist known for his significant contributions to the fields of decision theory, utility theory, and mathematical psychology. He is best recognized for his work on measurement theory and the development of the Luce model, which describes how individuals make choices among discrete alternatives. His research has influenced various areas, including economics, cognitive science, and operations research.

Nash equilibrium is a concept in game theory named after mathematician John Nash. It refers to a situation in a strategic game where no player can benefit by changing their strategy unilaterally, assuming that the other players' strategies remain constant. In other words, it is a state in which each player's strategy is optimal given the strategies of all other players.

Nimrod Megiddo is likely a reference to an archaeological site and its associated historical context. Megiddo is an ancient city located in present-day Israel, known for its significant role in various historical and biblical contexts. It is often associated with various military campaigns and biblical prophecy, notably the Battle of Armageddon, which is said to take place in the vicinity of Megiddo.

Patrick Grim is a philosopher known for his work in areas such as philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and logic. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to discussions on issues like the nature of consciousness, concepts of cognitive science, and the implications of artificial intelligence. In addition to his academic work, Grim has engaged in public philosophy and debates surrounding the implications of philosophical thought for real-world issues.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized individual or concept named Yair Tauman. It’s possible that Yair Tauman could be a private individual or a name that has gained prominence after that date.

Double origin topology (also referred to in some contexts as the "double point" space) is a concept in topology that involves a space in which there are two indistinguishable points that serve as 'origins' of the space. This idea can be constructed using set theory and is often used in discussions about defining equivalence classes and understanding the properties of topological spaces, particularly with respect to their connectivity and properties of separation.

Mertens-stable equilibrium is a concept from game theory, particularly in the context of non-cooperative games. It refers to a way of identifying equilibria in games that is robust under the consideration of deviations by players. In a game, a strategy profile (a set of strategies chosen by players) can be considered an equilibrium if no player has an incentive to unilaterally deviate from their strategy, given the strategies of the others.

Correlated equilibrium is a concept in game theory that extends the idea of Nash equilibrium. It was introduced by Robert Aumann in the 1970s. The key idea behind correlated equilibrium is that players can achieve better outcomes by coordinating their strategies based on some form of common signal or correlation, rather than choosing their strategies independently. ### Definition: In a correlated equilibrium, a mediator (or correlation device) sends signals to the players, suggesting which strategies they should play.