Remote sensing in archaeology refers to the use of various technologies and techniques to gather information about archaeological sites and landscapes from a distance, typically without direct physical contact. This approach allows archaeologists to identify, survey, and analyze archaeological features and landscapes more efficiently and effectively than traditional methods, which often involve excavation and ground-level survey.

SEBAL stands for Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land. It is a remote sensing technique used to estimate evapotranspiration and other surface energy fluxes from satellite imagery, particularly for agricultural and natural landscapes. SEBAL works by analyzing the energy balance at the land surface and utilizes various spectral bands from satellite images to derive information about land surface temperature, vegetation indices, and albedo.

The Apel Codex, also known as the "Codex Apel," is a significant manuscript in the field of medieval studies and art history. It is a collection of illuminated texts, primarily focused on religious topics, created in the late medieval period. Renowned for its intricate illustrations and decorative elements, the codex serves as an important artifact for understanding the cultural and artistic practices of the time.

The Caius Choirbook is a significant collection of choral music from the late Renaissance, specifically compiled for use at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Created in the late 16th century, it contains a variety of works by notable composers of the time, including John Taverner, Thomas Tallis, and William Byrd. The choirbook is valued for its high-quality manuscript notation and for preserving a repertoire that was central to the liturgical practices of the college.

The "Cancioneiro de Lisboa" is a Portuguese manuscript collection of poems and songs that dates back to the late 15th century, specifically around 1500. It is an important literary work that reflects the lyrical traditions of the time, featuring a variety of poetic forms, including cantigas, which are songs often dealing with themes of love and chivalry. The manuscript is significant for its representation of the cultural and artistic milieu of Portugal during the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance.

The "Cancionero de Medinaceli" is a significant collection of Spanish poetry and songs from the late 15th century. It is named after the town of Medinaceli in the province of Soria, Spain. This anthology contains a variety of texts that reflect the rich cultural and musical traditions of the time, showcasing works from various poets and composers.

The term "Loire Valley chansonniers" typically refers to a group of musicians and singers who were active in the Loire Valley region of France, particularly during the Renaissance and early modern periods. The Loire Valley is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its historical châteaux, and it played a significant role in the development of French music and poetry. Chansonniers are collections of songs, often featuring a variety of lyrical themes such as love, nature, and daily life.

The Medici Codex, also known as the Medici Codex of Music, is a significant historical manuscript that pertains to Renaissance polyphony. It is a music book that has attracted interest for its collection of compositions from notable composers of the time, including those associated with the Florentine court. The codex is most famously associated with the family of the Medici, who were influential patrons of the arts and played a crucial role in the development of Renaissance culture, particularly in Florence.

The "Codice di Staffarda," also known as the "Staffarda Codex," is a significant medieval manuscript that dates back to the 12th century. It is associated with the Cistercian monastery of Staffarda, located in Piedmont, Italy. The codex is notable for its rich content, which includes liturgical texts, hymns, and other religious writings that were used in the monastic community.

The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book is a significant and large collection of English keyboard music from the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Compiled in the early 17th century, it is named after the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England, where it is housed.

"My Ladye Nevell's Booke" is a notable collection of music that dates from the late 16th century. Specifically, it is a manuscript compiled around 1591 and is attributed to the English composer William Byrd, among other composers. The book is named after Lady Mary Nevill, a notable figure of the time who was a patron of the arts and a member of the English nobility.

Representation theory of Lie groups is a branch of mathematics that studies how Lie groups can be represented as groups of transformations on vector spaces. More formally, a representation of a Lie group \( G \) is a homomorphism from \( G \) to the general linear group GL(V) of invertible linear transformations on a vector space \( V \). This allows one to study properties of the group \( G \) through linear algebra and the geometry of vector spaces.

Fontaine's period rings are a concept in the field of arithmetic geometry and number theory, specifically related to p-adic Hodge theory. They were introduced by Pierre Fontaine in the context of understanding the relationships between different types of cohomology theories, particularly for p-adic representations of the absolute Galois group of a p-adic field. More concretely, Fontaine's period rings provide a framework for studying p-adic Galois representations and their associated periods.

The Frobenius–Schur indicator is a concept from representation theory, particularly concerning finite groups and their representations. It provides a way to classify irreducible representations of a finite group with respect to their behavior under certain types of symmetry. In more specific terms, the Frobenius–Schur indicator is defined for an irreducible representation of a finite group \( G \) over a field \( K \) (typically, the complex numbers).

Molien's formula is a result in invariant theory that provides a way to calculate the generating function of the dimensions of the spaces of invariants of polynomial functions under the action of a group. Specifically, it can be used to find the generating function for the dimensions of the invariant polynomials under the action of a linear group.

The Schur orthogonality relations are a set of mathematical statements that arise in the context of representation theory, particularly concerning the representations of the symmetric group and the general linear group. These relations provide a way to understand how different irreducible representations (irreps) of a group are related to one another through their characters.

Springer correspondence is a concept in the context of representation theory of Lie algebras, particularly associated with the theory of vertex operator algebras and the study of affine Lie algebras. The correspondence refers to a deep and intricate relationship between certain types of representations of vertex operator algebras and representations of affine Lie algebras.

Research vessels of Ukraine are specialized ships employed for various scientific and research purposes, primarily focused on marine and aquatic studies. These vessels are typically used by institutions and organizations engaged in oceanography, marine biology, fisheries research, geological exploration, environmental monitoring, and other related fields. While specific names may change over time, Ukraine has a history of operating several research vessels that contribute to understanding the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, as well as other bodies of water.

In the context of representation theory, particularly in the study of Lie algebras and Lie groups, the term "weight" refers to a specific type of character associated with a representation. ### Key Points about Weights: 1. **Representation of a Lie Algebra**: A representation of a Lie algebra \( \mathfrak{g} \) on a vector space \( V \) involves a linear action of the algebra on \( V \).

Exploration ships are vessels specifically designed or adapted for the purpose of exploring uncharted or less-known areas of the world's oceans, seas, rivers, and coasts. These ships can be used for various forms of exploration, including scientific research, environmental studies, archaeology, and mapping. Exploration ships often have specialized equipment and technology to help facilitate their missions, such as: 1. **Research Facilities**: Laboratories for conducting experiments and analyzing samples collected during expeditions.