The anti-greenhouse effect refers to a phenomenon where certain atmospheric conditions or substances lead to the cooling of a planetary atmosphere instead of warming it, contrary to the conventional greenhouse effect. In the greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Conversely, the anti-greenhouse effect results in the loss of heat and a decrease in surface temperatures.

Charles Jean de la Vallée Poussin (1866–1962) was a prominent Belgian mathematician known for his contributions to the fields of analysis and number theory. One of his significant achievements is his work on the theory of functions and complex analysis. He also made notable advancements in real analysis, particularly regarding integral and differential equations.

An Arctic front is a weather phenomenon characterized by a sharp boundary that separates cold Arctic air from relatively warmer air masses. It typically forms when frigid air from the polar regions moves southward, leading to significant temperature contrasts between the two air masses. This front can be associated with changes in weather conditions, including the potential for snow, rain, or severe storms, depending on the specific atmospheric dynamics at play.

Alexander Gelfond (1906-1968) was a prominent Soviet mathematician known for his work in number theory and transcendental numbers. He is particularly renowned for Gelfond's theorem, which proved that if \( a \) is a transcendent number and \( b \) is an algebraic number that is not equal to 0 or 1, then \( a^b \) is also a transcendental number.

Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) was a French mathematician known for his significant contributions to number theory, statistics, and analysis. He is perhaps best known for his work in the field of mathematics related to the theory of prime numbers and for the development of the Legendre polynomials, which are important in various areas of mathematical physics and engineering.

Alfred Brauer (1903–1977) was a notable mathematician known for his work in the fields of mathematics, particularly in relation to number theory and mathematical logic. He made contributions to various areas, including algebra and the theory of mathematical functions. Brauer is often recognized for his research and publications, which have had a lasting impact on the field.

Alice Silverberg is a prominent mathematician known for her work in number theory, particularly in the areas of algebraic geometry, cryptography, and the study of modular forms. She has contributed to various topics, including computational aspects of number theory and the applications of these concepts in cryptography. Silverberg has also been involved in promoting mathematics through educational initiatives and outreach efforts.

Andrew Granville is a mathematician renowned for his contributions to number theory, particularly in analytic number theory, prime number theory, and combinatorial number theory. He has also worked on topics related to the distribution of primes, arithmetic functions, and more. Granville has published numerous research papers and has been involved in various academic activities, including teaching and mentoring students.

Arthur Wieferich was a German mathematician, known for his work in number theory. He is primarily recognized for his contribution to the study of "Wieferich primes," which are prime numbers \( p \) that satisfy the congruence \( 2^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod p^2 \).

Brian Conrey is a prominent mathematician known for his work in number theory, particularly in relation to the Riemann Hypothesis and L-functions. He is the director of the American Institute of Mathematics (AIM) and has contributed significantly to the field through research, collaboration, and education. Conrey's work typically focuses on aspects of analytic number theory, and he has a reputation for fostering mathematical collaboration and innovation through various initiatives and programs at AIM.

Bruce C. Berndt is a prominent mathematician known for his work in number theory, particularly in the area of q-series and modular forms. He has made significant contributions to the study of partition theory and is also known for his research on the Dedekind eta function and related topics. Additionally, Berndt has published various scholarly articles and books and has been involved in educating students in the field of mathematics.

Catherine Goldstein could refer to different individuals or subjects, but without more context, it is difficult to provide a specific answer. If you are referring to a prominent person such as a mathematician, scientist, writer, or artist, please provide additional details so I can give you more relevant information. Alternatively, if "Catherine Goldstein" pertains to a specific work, project, or concept, please clarify!

Jan Hendrik Bruinier is a Dutch mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, particularly in the area of modular forms and modular functions. His research often involves the study of special functions, lattice point counting, and the theory of automorphic forms. He has published numerous papers and is recognized within the mathematical community for his work in these fields.

Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac (1598–1638) was a French mathematician and a notable figure in the history of mathematics. He is best known for his work in number theory and his contributions to the field of recreational mathematics. Bachet de Méziriac is particularly recognized for his translation of the ancient Greek mathematical work "Arithmetica" by Diophantus and for his own mathematical writings.

D. H. Lehmer refers to Derrick Henry Lehmer (1905–1997), a prominent American mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, particularly in the areas of prime numbers, factorization, and computational mathematics. Lehmer is best known for developing algorithms for efficiently factoring large numbers and for his work on the computation of the distribution of prime numbers. He also created the Lehmer sieve and contributed to the development of the modern theory of primality testing.

Dihua Jiang (Tephrosia villosa) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, primarily known for its use in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). It is derived from the dried root of the plant and has a history of being used for its various therapeutic properties. Dihua Jiang is often included in formulations aimed at tonifying the spleen, nourishing the blood, and treating conditions such as fatigue, weakness, and other ailments associated with deficiencies in these areas.

Eduard Wirsing is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly known for his contributions to functional analysis and partial differential equations. He is recognized for his work in the areas of mathematical physics and the foundations of mathematics. Wirsing authored several papers and books that have influenced researchers in his fields of study.

Edward Waring (1736–1798) was an English mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, particularly to the study of partitions and the properties of numbers. He is perhaps best known for Waring's problem, which conjectures that every natural number can be expressed as the sum of a fixed number of natural numbers raised to a certain power. The problem has historical significance and has led to extensive research and developments in number theory.

Ernst Kummer (1810-1893) was a German mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, algebra, and the theory of complex numbers. He is best known for his work on ideal numbers and algebraic structures, especially in the context of algebraic number theory. One of Kummer's significant contributions was the introduction of the concept of "ideal numbers," which he used to address problems related to the factorization of integers in certain number fields.

Jacob Tsimerman is a mathematician known for his work in the areas of analysis, particularly in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, and related fields. He has made significant contributions to the study of various mathematical problems, often relating to the intersection of different areas within mathematics. His research has been recognized in the mathematical community, and he has held academic positions at various institutions.