Lucy O'Brien is a prominent philosopher known for her work in the fields of feminist philosophy, philosophy of mind, and ethics. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of personal identity, moral responsibility, and the nature of self. O'Brien is often recognized for her explorations of how gender and social constructs influence our understanding of self and identity. Her writing might include discussions on the role of emotions in moral philosophy, as well as the philosophical implications of feminist issues.

ICME stands for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering, which is a field that focuses on the development and application of computational methods and tools to analyze and predict material behavior across multiple scales, from atomic to macroscopic levels. The concept of ICME cyberinfrastructure encompasses the computational resources, tools, software, and data management practices that facilitate research and development in this area.

e-Science infrastructures refer to the advanced digital frameworks and resources that support scientific research through the use of computing and information technologies. These infrastructures facilitate collaboration, data sharing, and various computational tasks across disciplines. Below is a list of notable e-Science infrastructures: 1. **GRID Computing** - **Open Science Grid (OSG)**: A resource for scientific research that provides a distributed computing environment.

MATHUSLA (Massive Absence of THresholL for Ultra-stable particles) is a proposed experiment designed to search for very light, long-lived particles that might be produced at high-energy particle colliders like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These particles could be candidates for dark matter or other new physics beyond the Standard Model.

GPGPU stands for General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units. It refers to the use of a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) to perform computation that is traditionally handled by the CPU (Central Processing Unit). GPGPU libraries are specialized software libraries designed to facilitate general-purpose computing on GPUs by providing tools, frameworks, and APIs to enable developers to leverage the parallel processing capabilities of GPUs for non-graphics workloads.

Graphics Core Next (GCN) is an architecture developed by AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) for its family of GPUs (graphics processing units). Introduced in 2011 with the AMD Radeon HD 7000 series, GCN represents a significant evolution in GPU design, focusing on compute performance, efficiency, and flexibility for various applications, including gaming, professional visualization, and compute workloads.

Single Instruction, Multiple Threads (SIMT) is a parallel computing architecture used primarily in graphics processing units (GPUs) and other such highly parallel computing environments. SIMT is closely related to Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD), but with a key distinction that allows for more flexibility in thread execution. Here’s a breakdown of the key concepts: ### SIMT Characteristics: 1. **Single Instruction**: In SIMT, a single instruction is issued to multiple threads for execution.

The term "digital manifold" can refer to several concepts depending on the context in which it is used, particularly in fields like mathematics, computer science, and data science. Here's a brief overview of its usage: 1. **Mathematics and Geometry**: In mathematical terms, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space. A "digital manifold" can refer to a discrete approximation of these structures, often used in computational geometry.

Women cryptographers are female individuals who have made significant contributions to the field of cryptography, which is the study and practice of techniques for securing communication and information from adversarial parties. Throughout history, numerous women have played vital roles in the development of cryptographic methods, the breaking of codes, and the advancement of secure communication technologies. Some notable women in cryptography include: 1. **Elizebeth Smith Friedman**: A pioneer in the field, she worked on cryptanalysis for the U.S.

Acoustic cryptanalysis is a technique used to extract cryptographic keys from devices by analyzing the sounds they make during operations. This method capitalizes on the acoustic emissions that result from electronic device activities, such as key presses on a keyboard or the operations of a computer's processor. The basic premise of acoustic cryptanalysis is that when a device performs cryptographic operations, it may generate subtle sounds that can reveal information about the keys being used.

A Birthday attack is a type of cryptographic attack that takes advantage of the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. It has implications for various cryptographic algorithms, particularly those that involve hash functions. ### How the Birthday Attack Works: 1. **Birthday Paradox**: The birthday problem refers to the counterintuitive probability that in a group of people, the chance that at least two people share a birthday is surprisingly high, even for a small group.

Vladimir Solovyov (1853–1900) was a prominent Russian philosopher, theologian, and poet known for his significant contributions to the fields of philosophy and religious thought. He is often regarded as a central figure in Russian religious philosophy and is known for his attempts to synthesize various philosophical and theological ideas, particularly those stemming from Orthodox Christianity.

Vasile Pogor was a Romanian writer, teacher, and politician, primarily known for his contributions to Romanian literature and his role in the cultural life of the 19th century. He was associated with various literary movements and was known for his involvement in the development of Romanian prose and poetry. His works often reflect the social and political issues of his time, and he played a part in the Romanian national renaissance.

A correlation attack is a type of statistical attack that is commonly used in cryptanalysis to exploit weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms, particularly those that involve block ciphers or stream ciphers. The fundamental idea behind a correlation attack is to take advantage of the statistical relationships between certain input and output variables. In simpler terms, the attacker looks for patterns in the encrypted data and attempts to correlate these patterns with the plaintext (the original unencrypted data) to recover secret keys or uncover sensitive information.

CryptoLocker is a type of ransomware that was first identified in September 2013. It targets Windows-based machines and is known for encrypting the files on infected systems, making them inaccessible to users until a ransom is paid to the attackers. Typically, it spreads through phishing emails containing infected attachments or links, as well as through compromised websites and malicious downloads. When CryptoLocker infects a computer, it encrypts files such as documents, photos, and other important data using strong encryption algorithms.

FREAK, which stands for "Factoring RSA Export Keys," is a vulnerability that was discovered in certain implementations of SSL/TLS protocols. It was revealed in March 2015 and allowed attackers to exploit weak encryption that was used in some older systems, particularly those that employed export-grade cryptography. The vulnerability specifically targeted systems that accepted export-grade ciphers, which were designed to comply with U.S. regulations limiting the strength of encryption that could be exported overseas.

Partitioning cryptanalysis is a technique used in the analysis of cryptographic algorithms, particularly symmetric key ciphers. It involves dividing the problem of breaking the cipher into smaller, manageable parts or "partitions." This method allows cryptanalysts to focus on specific subsets of plaintext, ciphertext, or keys, making it easier to identify patterns, weaknesses, or relationships that can be exploited to recover the key or plaintext without having to brute force the entire keyspace.

Password cracking is the process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to a computer system, account, or network by guessing or breaking the password that secures it. Attackers use various methods and tools to retrieve or infer passwords, often exploiting weak or common passwords, poor password storage practices, or security vulnerabilities. Here are some common techniques used in password cracking: 1. **Brute Force Attack**: This method involves systematically trying every possible combination of characters until the correct password is found.

SciEngines GmbH is a technology company based in Germany that specializes in developing high-performance computing solutions, primarily focused on hardware and software for scientific and engineering applications. The company is known for its expertise in providing customized solutions for accelerating computation-intensive tasks, particularly in fields like computational fluid dynamics, molecular simulations, and data analysis. One of their notable products is a series of hardware accelerators designed to enhance the performance of simulations and complex calculations.

"Thought and World" can refer to the relationship between cognitive processes and the external reality. In philosophy, particularly in contexts like metaphysics and epistemology, this relationship is a central theme. Scholars often explore how our thoughts, perceptions, and beliefs correlate with, represent, or can even distort the world around us.