The American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant, located in South Carolina, is a facility operated by the American Thermos Bottle Company, which specializes in the production of vacuum-sealed beverage containers and other insulated products. Historically, the company is known for its iconic thermos bottles, which have been popular for their ability to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. The Laurel Hill Plant has played a significant role in the manufacturing and distribution of these products and has contributed to the local economy.

Tiger Corporation is a Japanese company known primarily for its manufacturing of thermal insulation products, mainly vacuum flasks and food storage containers. Founded in 1923 and based in Osaka, Japan, Tiger Corporation has gained a strong reputation for its high-quality products that combine functionality with innovative design. The company is especially noted for its vacuum technology, which helps to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. In addition to thermal products, Tiger Corporation also produces a variety of kitchen appliances and cookware.

Zojirushi is a Japanese company known for manufacturing high-quality kitchen appliances and household products, particularly thermal insulation products. Founded in 1918, Zojirushi originally focused on creating vacuum flasks, but over the years, it has expanded its product line to include rice cookers, bread machines, coffee makers, food jugs, and electric kettles, among others.

A cryopump is a type of vacuum pump that uses cryogenic temperatures to remove gas from a vacuum chamber. It operates by cooling a surface to very low temperatures, typically using liquid cryogens like liquid nitrogen or helium, which causes gases to condense or freeze onto the surface.

A sorption pump is a device that utilizes the principles of sorption, which includes both adsorption and absorption, to create a vacuum or to transfer gases. These pumps often rely on materials that can bind gas molecules to their surface or within their structure. ### Key Features: 1. **Principle of Operation:** - **Adsorption:** Involves the adherence of gas molecules onto the surface of a solid material (such as activated carbon, zeolites, or silica gel).

A turbomolecular pump is a type of vacuum pump that is used to achieve and maintain high or ultra-high vacuum conditions in various scientific, industrial, and technological applications. It operates on the principle of molecular momentum transfer and is capable of pumping gases from a chamber by using rapidly rotating blades.

Vacuum engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, analysis, and application of vacuum systems. It involves the creation and maintenance of a vacuum, which is a space that is devoid of matter, such as air or other gases. Vacuum engineering encompasses various technologies and methodologies to achieve and maintain low-pressure environments for a wide range of applications. ### Key Areas of Vacuum Engineering 1.

Amperex Electronic, often associated with the brand name Amperex, is a company notable for its production of electronic components, particularly vacuum tubes and related electronic parts. Founded in the 1940s, Amperex became well-known for its high-quality vacuum tubes used in various applications, including audio equipment, radio, and television. The company originally operated in the United States and was particularly prominent during the mid-20th century, supplying components for consumer electronics and professional audio systems.

A thermal vacuum chamber is a specialized enclosure used to create a controlled environment for testing materials and devices under conditions that simulate the vacuum of space and the temperature extremes typically encountered in space environments. These chambers are essential in various fields, particularly in aerospace, electronics, and materials science, for several reasons: ### Key Characteristics: 1. **Vacuum System**: The chamber can be evacuated to a very low pressure, simulating the vacuum of outer space.

Vacuum tube displays, also known as cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, were an early type of visual display technology used primarily in television sets and computer monitors. These displays work by manipulating electron beams within a vacuum tube to illuminate phosphorescent screens, creating images. ### Key Components and Functionality: 1. **Vacuum Tube**: A sealed glass tube from which air has been evacuated, allowing electrons to move freely without obstruction from air molecules.

A Fleming valve, also known as a Fleming valve tube, is an electronic device that functions as a rectifier, converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). Invented by the British engineer John Ambrose Fleming in 1904, the Fleming valve consists of a vacuum tube with two electrodes: a cathode and an anode.

The GU-50 is a type of vacuum tube, specifically a high-power triode, that was commonly used in radio frequency (RF) applications, particularly in transmitters and audio amplification. It was originally developed in the Soviet Union and has been utilized in various high-frequency applications due to its ability to handle significant power levels. The GU-50 is known for its rugged construction and performance, often found in amateur radio equipment and industrial applications.

The 6GH8 is a type of dual triode vacuum tube (valve), primarily used in audio and radio frequency applications. It was designed for use in audio amplifier circuits and other electronic applications requiring voltage amplification and signal processing. The 6GH8 tube features two independent triode sections in a single envelope, making it compact and efficient for various electronic designs.

The 6SN7 is a type of vacuum tube (electron tube or thermionic valve) that was originally produced in the 1940s. It belongs to the family of medium-mu dual triode tubes and is often used in audio amplifiers, preamplifiers, and other applications requiring amplification of low-level signals.

The 6V6 is a type of vacuum tube, or electron tube, that is commonly used in audio amplifiers, particularly in guitar amplifiers. It is part of the 6V series of tubes and is known for its warm sound and good tonal characteristics, making it a popular choice among musicians and audio engineers.

HT refers to "High Tension" in the context of vacuum tubes, primarily used in electronics and radio applications. It typically describes the high-voltage supply required to operate certain types of vacuum tubes, like those used in RF (radio frequency) amplifiers or oscillators. In practical usage, HT voltage can range from several hundred to over a thousand volts, depending on the specific vacuum tube and its application.

The Edison and Swan United Electric Light Company, commonly referred to as the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, was a British company formed in the late 19th century that was primarily involved in the development and commercialization of electric lighting.

An evacuation tip generally refers to advice or guidance meant to help individuals safely and effectively evacuate a building, area, or location in the event of an emergency. Here are some common evacuation tips: 1. **Know the Exits**: Familiarize yourself with all the exits of your building or area in advance, including alternative routes if primary exits are blocked.

A Wehnelt cylinder is a component used in electron guns, which are devices that generate and control electron beams. Named after the German physicist Walter Wehnelt, the Wehnelt cylinder serves as a part of the electron gun assembly, typically found in cathode ray tubes (CRTs), electron microscopes, and other applications requiring focused electron beams.

The Mullard-Philips tube designation system is a naming convention used for identifying vacuum tubes (valves) produced by Mullard and Philips. This system includes alphanumeric codes that provide information about the type of tube, its function, and its specifications. The general format of the designation includes several components: 1. **Prefix**: Indicates the tube family or type, such as "12AX7" for a specific type of audio preamplifier tube.