A dosimeter is a device used to measure an individual's exposure to ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and beta particles. It is commonly used in environments where radiation exposure is a concern, such as in nuclear power plants, medical facilities, research laboratories, and during certain industrial processes. Dosimeters come in various forms, including: 1. **Film Badges**: These contain a photographic film that darkens in response to radiation exposure.

A battery eliminator circuit is an electronic circuit designed to provide the equivalent voltage and current of a battery to a device without actually using a physical battery. These circuits are often used in applications where a device typically powered by batteries can be operated continuously or when it is used in a fixed location, such as during testing, prototype development, or in applications where the cost or inconvenience associated with replacing batteries frequently is a concern.

Michelle Simmons is an Australian physicist known for her work in quantum computing and nanotechnology. She has made significant contributions to the development of silicon-based quantum computers and has been a prominent advocate for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education and increasing diversity in these fields. Simmons was awarded numerous honors throughout her career, including being named a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and receiving the prestigious 2018 Australian of the Year award.

Peter R. Holland is a notable figure primarily recognized for his contributions to the field of zoology, particularly in the study of reptiles and amphibians. He is known for his work on the systematics and biogeography of various species, as well as his research on their evolutionary relationships.

Ross H. McKenzie is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. He has made significant advancements in understanding quantum mechanics and the behavior of materials at the atomic level. McKenzie has authored numerous research papers and has been involved in various academic and research activities. His work often explores the interactions between electron behavior and the properties of materials, contributing to advancements in both theoretical and experimental physics.

Samuel L. Braunstein is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. He has made significant advancements in areas such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum optics. His work often focuses on the theoretical foundations of these fields and the development of innovative technologies based on quantum principles.

Radio-controlled (RC) cars are miniature vehicles that are controlled remotely using a transmitter and receiver system. The transmitter is typically a handheld device equipped with controls allowing the operator to steer, accelerate, and brake the vehicle. The receiver is installed in the car and responds to the signals sent from the transmitter, controlling the car's movement.

Radioactive quackery refers to the promotion and use of products or treatments that claim to harness the benefits of radioactivity or radioactive materials without scientific backing or safety considerations. Historically, various individuals and companies have marketed radioactive substances, suggesting that they can cure illnesses or improve health, often exploiting the public's fascination and fear around radiation. This quackery can include items like radioactive water, radium-infused tonics, and other dubious health products.

A beta particle is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron that is emitted during the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, a process known as beta decay. There are two types of beta particles: 1. **Beta-minus (β⁻) particles**: These are electrons emitted from a nucleus when a neutron is transformed into a proton. This process involves the release of an electron and an antineutrino.

A radio-controlled submarine is a model submarine that is operated remotely using a radio control system. These submarines can dive, surface, and maneuver underwater, making them an exciting option for hobbyists and enthusiasts interested in model boating. Key features of radio-controlled submarines include: 1. **Control System**: Typically, they use a transmitter (held by the operator) and a receiver (mounted in the submarine) to facilitate communication.

A remote control animal is a toy or device that mimics the movements and behaviors of real animals and can be controlled from a distance using a remote control. These devices are often designed for entertainment, education, or even companionship. Remote control animals can vary widely in terms of appearance, features, and functionalities. Some common types of remote control animals include: 1. **RC Dogs and Cats**: These toys can perform tricks, walk, bark, or meow, depending on their design.

Positron emission, also known as positron decay or β⁺ decay, is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits a positron. A positron is the antimatter counterpart of an electron, possessing the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge. In positron emission, a proton in the nucleus of an atom is transformed into a neutron, accompanied by the release of a positron and a neutrino (an almost massless, neutral particle).

Formation evaluation neutron porosity refers to a technique used in petroleum engineering and geophysical studies to assess the porosity of subsurface formations, particularly in reservoir rocks. This method primarily utilizes neutron logs, which are a type of well log that measures the response of hydrogen atoms in the formation.

Al C. Kalmbach was an American entrepreneur and the founder of Kalmbach Publishing Co., a significant publisher in the hobby and leisure industry. The company, established in 1933, is well-known for its magazines that focus on model railroading, astronomy, and various other hobbies. Kalmbach Publishing has produced popular publications such as "Model Railroader" and "Trains." Al C.

As of my last update in October 2023, I do not have any specific information on a person named Clive Foxell. It's possible that he may not be a widely recognized public figure or might be known in a specific context or field not covered in my training data.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized public figure or concept known as "Stephane Willocq." It's possible that it could refer to a private individual or a lesser-known entity that hasn't gained significant public recognition.

Frank Ellison could refer to different subjects depending on the context, but he is most notably recognized as a significant figure in the field of American radio and television. He was a pioneer in radio drama and is often credited as one of the creators of the first successful radio soap operas. His work in audio storytelling influenced many aspects of broadcasting.

Stephen Arnold is a physicist and engineer known for his work in the field of optics and photonics. He has made significant contributions to areas such as fiber optics, lasers, and the development of optical devices. His research has applications in telecommunications, medicine, and various technologies that rely on light manipulation.

Merv Smith is a retired Australian sports broadcaster known for his work in radio and television, particularly in covering Australian rules football. He gained recognition for his engaging style and insightful commentary. Over his career, he has been associated with various media outlets and has contributed significantly to the sports broadcasting landscape in Australia. In addition to his work in AFL broadcasting, Smith has also been involved in various sports and community initiatives.

Model railroad scales refer to the size ratios used to represent real-world trains and railroads in miniature form. Essentially, each scale indicates how much smaller the model is compared to the actual prototype. Different scales are popular for various reasons, including space, detail, and realism. Here are some common model railroad scales: 1. **N Scale (1:160)**: This is a small scale that allows for complex layouts in a limited space.