South African mathematicians have made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics, both historically and in contemporary research. They include prominent figures who have excelled in theoretical mathematics, applied mathematics, mathematical physics, statistics, and more. Some notable South African mathematicians include: 1. **George P. E. M. Van der Linde** - Known for his work in the field of algebra.
The term "Spanish mathematicians" refers to individuals from Spain or of Spanish descent who have made significant contributions to the field of mathematics. Throughout history, Spain has produced several notable mathematicians who have influenced various areas of mathematics. Here are a few prominent Spanish mathematicians: 1. **Jerónimo de la Madre de Dios** (1548–1614) - Known for his work in algebra and for publishing several important mathematical texts during the Renaissance.
Tajikistani mathematicians are mathematicians from Tajikistan or those who have roots in Tajik culture and heritage. Tajikistan, a country in Central Asia, has a rich history of intellectual contributions, including in the field of mathematics. Throughout history, mathematicians and scholars from the region have made notable contributions to various mathematical disciplines.
Tunisian mathematicians have made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics, and Tunisia has a rich intellectual tradition in mathematics. Some notable aspects include: 1. **Historical Contributions**: Historically, the region has been influenced by the mathematics of ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and Arabs. The Islamic Golden Age saw substantial advancements in mathematics, and Tunisian scholars participated in this tradition.
Venezuelan mathematicians are individuals from Venezuela who specialize in the field of mathematics, contributing to various branches such as algebra, analysis, topology, applied mathematics, and more. The country has produced several notable mathematicians who have made significant contributions to their respective fields. Some prominent Venezuelan mathematicians include: 1. **Carlos D. Castillo-Chavez** - Known for his work in mathematical biology, particularly in epidemiology and the study of infectious diseases.
Sara Imari Walker is an American astrophysicist known for her work in astrobiology, the study of life in the universe, and the origins of life. She is particularly interested in understanding the conditions under which life might arise and evolve, particularly in extraterrestrial environments. Walker has been involved in research related to the search for biosignatures, the characteristics of life that can be detected on other planets, and the development of theoretical frameworks for the emergence of life.
Started in 1987 and written in Pascal, by the French from Pierre and Marie Curie University, the French are really strong in numerical analysis.
The fact that French wrote it can be seen in the documentation, for example doc.freefem.org/tutorials/index.html uses file extension
mycode.edp instead of mycode.pde where dep stands for "Équation aux dérivées partielles".Besides the painful build, using FreeFem is relatively simple, as can be seen from the examples on the website.
They do use a domain-specific language on the examples, which appears to be the main/only interface, which is a bad thing, Ciro would rather have a Python API as the "main API", which is more the approach taken by the FEniCS Project, but so be it. This domain-specific language business means that you always stumble upon basic stuff you want to do but can't, and then you have to think about how to share data between the simulation and the plotting. The plotting notably is super complex and they can't implement all of what people want, upstream examples often offload that to gnuplot. This is potentially a big advantage of FEniCS Project.
It nice though that they do have some graphics out of the box, as that allows to quickly debug common problems.
Uses variational formulation of a partial differential equation, which is not immediately obvious to beginners? The introduction doc.freefem.org/tutorials/poisson.html gives an ultra quick example, but your are mostly on your own with that.
On Ubuntu 20.04, the
freefem is a bit out-of-date (3.5.8, there isn't even a tag for that in the GitHub repo, and refs/tags/release_3_10 is from 2010!) and fails to run the examples from the website. It did work with the example package though, but the output does not have color, which makes me sad :-)sudo apt install freefem freefem-examples
freefem /usr/share/doc/freefem-examples/heat.pdeSo let's just compile the latest v4.6 it from source, on Ubuntu 20.04:
sudo apt build-dep freefem
git clone https://github.com/FreeFem/FreeFem-sources
cd FreeFem-sources
# Post v4.6 with some fixes.
git checkout 3df0e2370d9752801ac744b11307b14e16743a44
# Won't apply automatically due to tab hell.
# https://superuser.com/questions/607410/how-to-copy-paste-tab-characters-via-the-clipboard-into-terminal-session-on-gnom
git apply <<'EOS'
diff --git a/3rdparty/ff-petsc/Makefile b/3rdparty/ff-petsc/Makefile
index dc62ab06..13cd3253 100644
--- a/3rdparty/ff-petsc/Makefile
+++ b/3rdparty/ff-petsc/Makefile
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ $(SRCDIR)/tag-make-real:$(SRCDIR)/tag-conf-real
$(SRCDIR)/tag-install-real :$(SRCDIR)/tag-make-real
cd $(SRCDIR) && $(MAKE) PETSC_DIR=$(PETSC_DIR) PETSC_ARCH=fr install
-test -x "`type -p otool`" && make changer
- cd $(SRCDIR) && $(MAKE) PETSC_DIR=$(PETSC_DIR) PETSC_ARCH=fr check
+ #cd $(SRCDIR) && $(MAKE) PETSC_DIR=$(PETSC_DIR) PETSC_ARCH=fr check
test -e $(DIR_INSTALL_REAL)/include/petsc.h
test -e $(DIR_INSTALL_REAL)/lib/petsc/conf/petscvariables
touch $@
@@ -293,7 +293,6 @@ $(SRCDIR)/tag-tar:$(PACKAGE)
-tar xzf $(PACKAGE)
patch -p1 < petsc-hpddm.patch
ifeq ($(WIN32DLLTARGET),)
- patch -p1 < petsc-metis.patch
endif
touch $@
$(PACKAGE):
EOS
autoreconf -i
./configure --enable-download --enable-optim --prefix="$(pwd)/../FreeFem-install"
./3rdparty/getall -a
cd 3rdparty/ff-petsc
make petsc-slepc
cd -
./reconfigure
make -j`nproc`
make install
cd ../FreeFem-install
PATH="${PATH}:$(pwd)/bin" ./bin/FreeFem++ ../FreeFem-sources/examples/tutorial/Ciro's initial build experience was a bit painful, possibly because it was done on a relatively new Ubuntu 20.04 as of June 2020, but in the end it worked: github.com/FreeFem/FreeFem-sources/issues/141
Deborah Ashby is a notable statistician and academic known for her work in biostatistics and health research. She has contributed significantly to the fields of clinical trial design, statistical methodology, and decision-making in healthcare. Ashby has held various academic positions, including at institutions such as Imperial College London. Her work often focuses on using statistical techniques to inform healthcare practices and improve patient outcomes.
John Greig is a mathematician known for his contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in areas such as combinatorics and number theory. His work often involves studying mathematical structures and their applications. However, it appears that he may not be as widely recognized in the mathematical community compared to other prominent mathematicians.
Maurice Quenouille (1910–1993) was a prominent British statistician known for his significant contributions to the fields of statistics and experimental design. He is particularly recognized for his work in the development of statistical methods for analyzing variance and for his contributions to the area of randomized experiments. One of his notable achievements is the introduction of Quenouille's method, which relates to the analysis of variance and has applications in the design and interpretation of experiments.
Michael J. D. Powell is a prominent figure in the field of optimization and applied mathematics. He is known for his significant contributions to numerical optimization, particularly in derivative-free optimization and methods for solving nonlinear optimization problems. He has authored numerous papers and has been involved in the development of algorithms that are widely used in scientific and engineering applications. Powell is also noted for his work on the "Powell's method," a specific algorithm for multidimensional optimization that does not require gradient information.
William B. Bonnor is an astronomer known for his work in astrophysics and cosmology. He has contributed to various topics within these fields, though specifics about his career or contributions may not be widely documented.
Martin Schechter is a mathematician known for his work in the field of functional analysis and operator theory. He has made contributions to various areas, including the study of bounded and unbounded operators, as well as the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics. Schechter is also recognized for his role in mathematical education and has authored several books and papers that are widely used in academia. His work often intersects with diverse topics in mathematics, and he has contributed to the development of key concepts within his areas of expertise.
Robert Maskell Patterson (1792–1881) was an American inventor and academic known for his contributions to science and education in the 19th century. He is most notably recognized for his work in the field of nautical navigation and for the development of various tools and methodologies that advanced maritime practices. Patterson held several positions within educational institutions, including being a professor of mathematics and the president of a college.
"Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences" is a book written by John Allen Paulos, first published in 1988. The book explores the concept of innumeracy, which refers to a lack of understanding of basic mathematical concepts and the inability to reason with numbers. Paulos argues that innumeracy affects many people's daily lives and decision-making processes, often leading to poor judgments and misconceptions about statistical information.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact