Nuclear accidents and incidents in the United States refer to events that involve the release of radioactive materials, operational failures, or other significant issues related to the use of nuclear power. While the United States has a relatively good safety record, there have been notable incidents that have raised concerns about nuclear safety. Some of the most significant nuclear accidents and incidents include: 1. **Three Mile Island (1979)**: This is the most significant accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history.

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that was established to support the development and deployment of nuclear technology and related services. Founded in 1952, AECL is primarily involved in the research, development, and commercialization of nuclear power and related technologies, with a focus on providing safe, reliable, and sustainable energy.

The Kurchatov Institute, officially known as the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, is a prominent scientific research institution located in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1943 by Igor Kurchatov, a key figure in the Soviet atomic program, the institute initially focused on nuclear physics and engineering. It played a crucial role in the development of nuclear energy and weapons in the Soviet Union.

Siemens is a global technology company headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is one of the largest industrial manufacturing companies in Europe and operates in various sectors, including: 1. **Automation and Digitalization:** Siemens provides solutions for manufacturing and processing industries to enhance efficiency and productivity through automation and digital services. 2. **Smart Infrastructure:** The company offers products and services that focus on intelligent infrastructure for buildings and grids, enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability.

Energomash is a Russian company primarily known for its role in the aerospace and defense sectors, specifically in the development and manufacture of rocket engines and propulsion systems. Founded in the post-World War II era, the company has a long history of producing engines for both space exploration and military applications. Energomash has been involved in various significant projects, including engines for the Soviet space program, the Russian space program, and international collaborations, such as those supporting launch vehicles like the Soyuz.

Japan has a well-established nuclear technology sector, which includes a number of companies specializing in various aspects of nuclear power generation, fuel production, and related technologies. Here are some of the key players in Japan's nuclear technology industry: 1. **Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO)**: One of the largest electric power companies in Japan, TEPCO operates numerous nuclear power plants and has been a significant player in the nuclear energy sector.

Westinghouse Electric Company is an American company that specializes in the design and manufacturing of nuclear power technology and provides services related to nuclear energy. It was originally established in 1886 by George Westinghouse and became well-known for its contributions to the development of electric power systems, including the introduction of alternating current (AC) electrical systems.

GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) is a global leader in nuclear technology and services. It is a joint venture between General Electric (GE) and Hitachi, Ltd., which focuses on the development, design, and manufacturing of nuclear reactors and related technologies.

PaR Systems is a company that specializes in providing advanced automation solutions across various industries. Founded in 1968 and based in Minnesota, the company focuses on the design and manufacturing of robotic and automation systems for applications in markets such as nuclear, manufacturing, and energy. PaR Systems is known for its expertise in developing custom solutions that enhance operational efficiency and safety, particularly in complex or hazardous environments.

The Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) typically refers to a research institution that focuses on the study of high energy physics, a branch of physics that investigates the fundamental constituents of matter and the forces that govern their interactions. IHEP is involved in experimental and theoretical research in particle physics, including the study of particles such as quarks, leptons, and bosons, as well as phenomena such as the Higgs boson and the exploration of dark matter and dark energy.

Atommash is a Russian company that specializes in the design and manufacturing of equipment for the nuclear industry, particularly in the production of nuclear reactors and components. Founded in the mid-20th century, Atommash is known for its role in producing large-scale equipment, such as reactors and pressure vessels, that are essential for nuclear power generation. The company is located in Volgodonsk, Russia, and is a part of the larger Russian state nuclear corporation, Rosatom.

The M4 is a type of surface-to-air missile that is primarily used by the United States military. It is an advanced air defense system designed to engage and destroy various aerial threats, including enemy aircraft and missiles. The M4 missile employs advanced guidance and targeting technologies to improve its effectiveness. It is often integrated into larger missile defense systems, contributing to the overall defense capabilities of military installations.

"Malevil" is a novel written by French author Robert Merle, first published in 1972. The story is set in a post-apocalyptic world following a nuclear catastrophe. It follows a group of survivors in a remote farmhouse as they navigate the challenges of their new reality, dealing with both external threats and internal conflicts. The book explores themes of survival, human nature, and the moral dilemmas faced in extreme situations.

The list of United States nuclear weapons tests refers to a compilation of nuclear detonations conducted by the United States from the early days of nuclear development during World War II through subsequent decades. The tests included atmospheric, underground, and underwater detonations, and were predominantly carried out as part of the U.S. nuclear weapons program. Here’s a brief overview of significant categories and details related to U.S. nuclear weapons tests: ### Key Categories 1.

A Nuclear Weapons Convention (NWC) is a proposed international treaty aimed at the comprehensive prohibition and elimination of nuclear weapons. The concept of an NWC is rooted in the idea of a legally binding agreement that would establish a framework for the complete disarmament of nuclear arsenals globally.

A list of nuclear power stations would typically include various nuclear reactors around the world that generate electricity. These power stations can be categorized by their country, type of reactor, and operational status (operating, under construction, decommissioned, etc.).

The list of nuclear weapons tests refers to the documented instances in which nuclear weapons have been detonated, either for experimental purposes or military testing. These tests have been conducted by various countries since the inception of nuclear weapons in the 20th century. The first such test was the Trinity Test by the United States on July 16, 1945.

The term "nuclear whistleblowers" refers to individuals who expose illegal or unethical practices related to nuclear safety, security, and environmental issues, often within governmental or corporate contexts. These whistleblowers can come from various sectors, including government agencies, private companies, and research institutions. Some notable nuclear whistleblowers include: 1. **Karen Silkwood**: A worker at a plutonium processing plant, Silkwood raised concerns about unsafe working conditions and contamination.

Nuclear marine propulsion refers to the use of nuclear reactors to generate propulsion for vessels, typically submarines and aircraft carriers. This technology relies on the heat generated by nuclear fission to produce steam, which then drives turbines connected to propellers. Here are some key features and benefits of nuclear marine propulsion: 1. **Endurance**: Nuclear-powered vessels can operate for extended periods without the need for refueling, often for years at a time.

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is an international treaty that aims to ban all nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions. The treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on September 10, 1996, but has not yet entered into force because it requires ratification by 44 specific countries that are nuclear-capable or part of the nuclear supply group.