"Networks and Heterogeneous Media" generally refers to a field of study that examines complex systems composed of various interconnected components or elements that display diverse properties or characteristics. This term can apply in various contexts, including telecommunications, social networks, and materials science, among others. Here are some key aspects of networks and heterogeneous media: ### 1. **Networks:** - **Definition:** Networks consist of nodes (or vertices) and edges (or links) that represent connections between the nodes.
"Nonlinearity" is a scientific journal that focuses on the study of nonlinear phenomena across various fields of mathematics and physics. It publishes research articles, reviews, and other contributions that address nonlinear dynamics, chaos theory, complex systems, and related areas. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to share their findings on theoretical and applied aspects of nonlinear systems.
The Pacific Journal of Mathematics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes research articles in various fields of mathematics. Established in 1956, the journal covers a wide range of mathematical topics, including but not limited to pure mathematics, applied mathematics, and computational mathematics. It serves as a platform for mathematicians to disseminate their findings and contribute to the advancement of mathematical knowledge.
Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS (Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques) is a renowned mathematical journal that publishes research articles in various fields of mathematics. Established in 1966, it is associated with the IHÉS, which is a prestigious research institute located in Bures-sur-Yvette, France, focused on advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics. The journal is known for its high standards of publication, featuring original research papers that often have a significant impact on the mathematical community.
A Notice to Mariners (NTM) is an official communication issued by maritime authorities to provide navigational information to mariners. These notices serve to inform ship operators, navigators, and other maritime stakeholders about changes or updates that may affect navigation safety. Information included in NTMs may cover a range of topics, such as: 1. **Chart Updates**: Changes to navigational charts, including new hazards, modifications to existing features, or updates on depths and navigational aids.
"Novum Organum," authored by Sir Francis Bacon and published in 1620, is a philosophical work that lays the groundwork for the scientific method. The title translates to "New Instrument" in Latin and refers to a new approach to acquiring knowledge, differentiating it from the traditional Aristotelian methods that were prevalent at the time. In "Novum Organum," Bacon critiques the established scientific practices and advocates for empirical observation and experimentation as the foundation for knowledge.
A Nuchal scan, also known as a nuchal translucency (NT) scan, is a specialized ultrasound examination typically performed during the first trimester of pregnancy, usually between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. This scan measures the fluid accumulation at the back of the baby's neck, known as nuchal translucency.
In type theory and categorical logic, a **quotient type** is a way to construct a new type from an existing type by identifying certain elements of that type as equivalent. It can be thought of as a generalization of the concept from set theory where you can form a quotient set by considering an equivalence relation on a set. ### Structure of a Quotient Type 1. **Base Type**: Start with a set or type \( A \).
Pathfinding is the process of determining a path from a starting point to a goal or destination point, often while navigating through a grid, graph, or physical space. It is commonly used in various fields, including computer science, robotics, video game development, and artificial intelligence. In a typical pathfinding scenario, an algorithm evaluates different possible paths to find the most efficient or optimal route based on certain criteria, such as distance, time, or cost.
The term "red edge" can refer to several concepts depending on the context, including: 1. **Biological Context**: In ecology and remote sensing, the "red edge" phenomenon refers to the sharp change in reflectance of plant leaves in the near-infrared spectrum. Specifically, it occurs between the red and near-infrared wavelengths (approximately 680 to 750 nanometers).
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) decoupling is a technique used in NMR spectroscopy to simplify the spectra of complex molecules and enhance the resolution of the chemical shifts. In NMR, nuclei in a magnetic field can interact with each other, leading to splitting patterns (multiplets) in the spectral signals. These interactions can complicate the interpretation of spectra, especially for molecules with more than one type of nucleus (e.g., carbon and hydrogen).
The Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences is a research institution located in the Czech Republic that focuses on nuclear physics and related scientific fields. It is part of the Czech Academy of Sciences, which is the leading scientific institution in the country. The institute conducts fundamental and applied research in various areas of nuclear physics, including nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, and applications of nuclear techniques in medicine, industry, and environmental science.
EMBII by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
One of the dudes from the AtomSea & EMBII Bitcoin-based file upload system.
Figure 1.
EMBII's usual profile image
. Source.
Gwern Branwen by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli envies this guy a bit. He dumps his brain more or less full time on his highly customized static website partly due to early Bitcoin investments gwern.net/me says:
I am a freelance American writer & researcher. (To make ends meet, I have a Patreon, benefit from Bitcoin appreciation thanks to some old coins, and live frugally.)
Also unsurprisingly he likes Haskell:
I mostly contribute to projects in Haskell, my favorite language
Ciro Santilli considers Gwern Ciro Santilli's e-soulmates due to his interest in "dark web things" like Bitcoin and Silk Road, his immense writing output in encyclopedic book-sized articles on a static website, and his desire to live frugally and just research and write all day. Ah, if only Ciro had some old coins!!!
This is likely a pseudonym, his real name not being publicly unknown, e.g. at news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5659278:
Why do you choose relative anonymity?
For the reasons I've said in the past. To which I can add personal safety: my Silk Road page is a bit questionable legally, and we all know that there are ways to exploit knowledge of one's True Name and address (even if, as far as I know, I have no enemies willing to resort to, say, 'swatting' me) - one group of stalkers called up a college they thought I worked at to see if they could get me fired or otherwise ruin my day.
gwern.net by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
One thing that annoys Ciro Santilli about that website are the footnote overload. Ciro likes linear things.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact