True arithmetic generally refers to the concept or philosophical position that arithmetic statements can be assigned a truth value based on whether they accurately describe the structure and properties of mathematical objects, particularly in the context of number theory and logic. In more formal terms, true arithmetic often pertains to the set of arithmetic truths that can be validated within a certain logical framework, such as first-order logic or axiomatic systems like Peano arithmetic.

An Abstract State Machine (ASM) is a theoretical model used in computer science to describe the behavior of computational systems in a precise and abstract way. ASMs provide a framework for modeling algorithms and systems in terms of their states and transitions without delving into implementation details, making them useful for formal verification, specification, and understanding complex systems.

Automata theory is a branch of computer science and mathematics that deals with the study of abstract machines and the problems they can solve. It focuses on the definition and properties of various types of automata, which are mathematical models that represent computation and can perform tasks based on given inputs.

A Behavior Tree (BT) is a formalism used in artificial intelligence, particularly in robotics and game development, to model the behavior of agents (which could be robots, characters, or autonomous systems). It is an alternative to state machines and decision trees, providing a hierarchical structure that helps manage complex behaviors in a modular and reusable way. ### Key Components of Behavior Trees: 1. **Nodes:** The basic building blocks of a behavior tree.

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred in October 1962. It is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. ### Background: - **Cold War Context**: The crisis arose during the Cold War, a period of heightened tension and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

"Curious George" is an animated children's television series based on the book series of the same name by H.A. Rey and Margret Rey. The show premiered on PBS Kids in the United States on September 4, 2006. It features the adventures of a curious little monkey named George and his friend, the Man with the Yellow Hat (often referred to as "The Man"). The series is designed for preschool-age children and aims to educate while entertaining.

A stack machine is a type of computer architecture that primarily uses a stack for managing data and executing instructions. Instead of using registers for operations, a stack machine relies on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure—a stack—to handle its operations. ### Key Characteristics of Stack Machines: 1. **Data Management**: - Operands for operations are pushed onto the stack.

CyberBerkut is a hacking group that emerged in 2014, known for its pro-Russian stance during the Ukrainian political crisis and the subsequent conflict in Eastern Ukraine. The group claims to represent the interests of the Ukrainian people, particularly in opposition to the Western-backed government in Ukraine and what they perceive as foreign influence in Ukrainian affairs.

S/KEY is a one-time password (OTP) system that was designed for authentication purposes in computer networks. It was developed as a method to enhance security by requiring users to enter a password that is valid for a single log-in session or transaction. The S/KEY system uses a hash function and a seeded algorithm to generate a series of changing passwords.

Cybercrime refers to illegal activities that are committed using computers or the internet. It encompasses a wide range of offenses, including but not limited to: 1. **Hacking**: Unauthorized access to computer systems and networks, often to steal, alter, or destroy data. 2. **Malware**: The distribution and use of malicious software like viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware to damage or gain unauthorized access to systems.

Cyclic compounds are chemical compounds in which the atoms are connected to form a ring-like structure. These compounds can be composed of various types of atoms, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or others, but they are most commonly associated with carbon-based structures. Cyclic compounds can be classified into two main categories: 1. **Homocyclic Compounds**: These compounds contain only one type of atom in the ring, typically carbon.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 4 (also known as CNGA4) is a protein that forms part of a channel in the cell membrane. It is encoded by the **CNGA4** gene in humans. These channels are primarily involved in the sensory transduction processes for vision and olfaction (the sense of smell).

A comodule is a concept from category theory and algebra, specifically in the context of module theory and representation theory. In simple terms, a comodule can be thought of as a structure that is dual to a module over a coalgebra in a manner analogous to how modules relate to algebras.

The **endomorphism ring** of a mathematical structure, such as a module, vector space, or algebraic object, is a way to study the set of all endomorphisms of that structure with respect to a specific operation—usually addition and composition.

Cyclone Lothar refers to a significant storm event that occurred in December 1999. It primarily affected parts of Western Europe, particularly France, Switzerland, and Germany. Lothar was classified as a powerful extra-tropical cyclone, which is a type of storm that typically forms outside of the tropics. The cyclone brought extremely high winds, heavy rainfall, and extensive damage, leading to widespread disruption.

Cyrillic numerals refer to a system of numeral notation that was historically used in some Slavic regions, particularly in Eastern Europe, that utilized the Cyrillic alphabet. This numeral system is based on the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, assigning numerical values to certain letters, similar to the way Roman numerals are structured with letters from the Latin alphabet. In the Cyrillic numeral system, specific letters are designated to represent numbers.

"Virtual crime" typically refers to illegal activities that occur in digital spaces, often involving the internet or computer systems. This term encompasses a wide range of offenses, including but not limited to: 1. **Cyber Crime**: Activities such as hacking, identity theft, phishing, and the distribution of malware. Cyber crimes can target individuals, corporations, and governments. 2. **Online Fraud**: Schemes that deceive individuals into giving away personal information or money.

"Dalíland" is a film that revolves around the life and work of the iconic surrealist artist Salvador Dalí. Directed by Mary Harron, the movie focuses on the later years of Dalí's life, particularly during the 1970s, exploring his relationships, artistic process, and the impact of his eccentric personality on those around him.

Dana S. Nau is a notable figure in the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence, particularly known for his work in automated planning, multi-agent systems, and robotics. He has contributed significantly to the development of planning algorithms and theories, which are crucial for enabling machines and robots to make decisions and execute tasks autonomously. Nau has held academic positions, including at the University of Maryland, where he has been involved in both teaching and research.

Danbury Mint is a company known for producing and marketing a variety of collectibles, including die-cast model cars, decorative plates, figurines, and other memorabilia. Founded in 1969, the company initially gained recognition for its high-quality, limited-edition items, often related to themes such as classic automobiles, historical events, and popular culture. Danbury Mint products are typically sold through catalogs, online, and direct mail, and many of their items are marketed as collectible gifts.