"Human versus computer matches" typically refer to competitions where a human player competes against a computer program or artificial intelligence (AI) in various games or tasks. These matches can occur in several domains, particularly in strategic games, problem-solving, and decision-making contexts. Here are a few notable examples: 1. **Chess**: The most famous example is when IBM's Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in 1997.

A zero-player game is a type of game that does not require any human players to make decisions or take actions during gameplay. Instead, the game's progression is determined by its initial state and the rules that govern it. The term is most commonly associated with simulations or cellular automata, where the system evolves autonomously based on predefined rules without any external input after the initial setup.

Neutral-beam injection (NBI) is a technique commonly used in plasma physics and nuclear fusion research to heat and sustain plasmas. It involves the injection of neutral atoms or molecules into a plasma, where they can collide with plasma particles and transfer energy, thereby increasing the temperature and density of the plasma.

Polywell is a type of plasma confinement device that aims to achieve nuclear fusion through the use of magnetic fields and electric fields. Developed primarily by physicist Robert W. Bussard and his team, the Polywell device is a form of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion.

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime that are produced by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the universe. They were first predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 as a consequence of his General Theory of Relativity. According to this theory, massive objects, such as black holes or neutron stars, can warp spacetime, and when they accelerate, for example, in binary systems, they create these waves that propagate at the speed of light.

Computer Arimaa refers to artificial intelligence (AI) programs that play the board game Arimaa, which was invented by Omar Syed in 2003. The game is designed to be difficult for computers to master, even though it is based on simple rules. Arimaa is notable for its complexity despite having a simple set of pieces and rules similar to chess.

A "Kingmaker scenario" generally refers to a situation in politics, gaming, or other competitive environments where one party (the "kingmaker") holds significant influence over the selection or election of a leader or winner, despite not being a candidate themselves. This influence can be exercised through various means, such as strategic alliances, endorsements, or the ability to sway voters or other influential figures.

Radiant AI is a technology developed by a company called Radiant AI, known for creating sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that can be utilized in various applications, such as gaming, virtual environments, and simulations. The core of Radiant AI is an advanced decision-making system that allows non-player characters (NPCs) in video games to exhibit more responsive and intelligent behaviors, creating a more immersive and dynamic experience for players.

Video game design is the process of creating the content and rules of a game, as well as determining how players will interact with it. It encompasses various disciplines, including storytelling, art, mechanics, user interface design, and audio, among others. Here are some key aspects of video game design: 1. **Game Concept and Mechanics**: This involves brainstorming ideas and concepts for the game, defining its objectives, rules, and interactions.

Frederik Schuh is a prominent name in the field of social media and hospitality marketing. He has gained recognition for his work in helping hospitality businesses enhance their online presence and engage effectively with audiences.

Akihiko Matsui is a Japanese economist known for his contributions to various fields within economics, including game theory, experimental economics, and market design. He has worked extensively on issues related to economic theory and has been involved in research that explores the strategic interactions among agents in different economic settings. Matsui's work often focuses on understanding how institutions and rules shape economic behavior and outcomes, and he has been influential in using formal models to analyze these interactions.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there isn't a widely known figure or topic by the name "Artyom Shneyerov." It's possible that he could be an emerging individual in a specific field, or perhaps a private individual not widely recognized in public databases or media.

David K. Levine is a notable economist, recognized for his contributions to various fields within economics, including game theory, industrial organization, and experimental economics. He has worked on topics such as dynamic games, strategic behavior, and the role of information in economic decision-making. Levine has also been involved in academic research and has published extensively in prominent economic journals.

J. C. C. McKinsey refers to John C. Creighton McKinsey, who was an American mathematician known for his work in the field of mathematical logic and set theory.

Myrna Wooders is a well-regarded economist known for her contributions to the fields of game theory, public economics, and economic theory. She has published numerous research papers and articles, focusing on topics such as cooperative game theory, public goods, and the role of institutions in economic outcomes. Wooders has also been involved in academia, teaching, and mentoring students in economics.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a region near the equator where the trade winds from the northern and southern hemispheres converge. This zone is characterized by low atmospheric pressure and is typically associated with dense cloud cover and frequent thunderstorms. The ITCZ is an important feature of tropical weather patterns and plays a crucial role in the global climate system.

George Boolos was an American philosopher and logician, particularly noted for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics. He was born on March 4, 1940, and passed away on January 27, 1998. Boolos is well-regarded for his contributions to the understanding of formal systems, the nature of mathematical truth, and the philosophical implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

George R. Price was a notable American mathematician and population biologist, primarily known for his work in theoretical biology and for developing the Price equation, which describes how the frequency of alleles in a population changes over time due to different evolutionary processes. His equation is significant in the fields of evolutionary biology and genetics. In addition to his contributions to mathematics and biology, Price had an intriguing life, marked by his shift from academia to a more philosophical and sometimes challenging existence in later years.

In topology, a **separable space** is a type of topological space that contains a countable dense subset. More formally, a topological space \( X \) is said to be separable if there exists a countable subset \( D \subseteq X \) such that the closure of \( D \) is equal to \( X \). This means that every point in \( X \) can be approximated arbitrarily closely by points from \( D \).

Jonathan Schaeffer is a Canadian computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of game playing and combinatorial search. He is a professor at the University of Alberta and has worked extensively on algorithm development for games such as checkers and chess. One of his most notable achievements is the development of "Chinook," a checkers-playing program that was the first to win a world championship title against a human opponent in 1994.