Warm dark matter (WDM) is a theoretical form of dark matter that falls in energy and mass characteristics between cold dark matter (CDM) and hot dark matter (HDM). The primary distinctions among these categories relate to the speed of the particles and their thermal properties during the early universe.

In particle physics, WISP stands for "Weakly Interacting Slim Particle." Wisps are hypothetical particles that are considered as candidates for dark matter. They are characterized by their weak interactions with standard model particles, making them difficult to detect directly. WISPs usually include particles like axions, hidden photons, or other similar entities that could constitute non-baryonic matter in the universe.

Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is a theoretical alternative to the more commonly discussed weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) as a candidate for dark matter. The key feature of SIDM is that the particles making up dark matter can interact with each other through a force other than gravity, which is not the case for most traditional dark matter models.

Minnesota functionals refer to a specific type of statistical tool or model used primarily in economic contexts, particularly in the analysis of consumption and production behaviors. They are often associated with the work of economists from the University of Minnesota, especially in relation to economic growth and business cycles. One well-known application of Minnesota functionals is in the estimation of economic relationships using econometric models, where they are employed in conjunction with Bayesian methods.

Scalar field dark matter is a theoretical model in the field of cosmology and particle physics that proposes dark matter as a type of scalar field rather than as particles like Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) or axions. In simple terms, a scalar field is defined by a single value (a scalar) at every point in space and time, which can vary from one point to another.

David Abrahams is a mathematician known for his contributions to various areas of mathematics, including topology and category theory. He is also notable for his work in the field of computer science, particularly in programming language design and the development of libraries and tools for software development. Abrahams has a background in both mathematics and computer science, and he is recognized for his research and publications in these fields.

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes that may have formed soon after the Big Bang, during the early universe. Unlike stellar black holes, which form from the gravitational collapse of massive stars at the end of their life cycles, primordial black holes are thought to have formed from density fluctuations in the very early universe.

Particle chauvinism is a term used in the context of physics, particularly in discussions surrounding the interpretations and implications of quantum mechanics and particle physics. It refers to the viewpoint or bias that emphasizes the primacy of particles (like electrons, photons, quarks, etc.) in understanding the fundamental nature of reality, often to the exclusion of other potential explanations or frameworks, such as fields or waves.

A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is part of the Standard Model of particle physics. It is electrically neutral, has an incredibly small mass (which is still not precisely measured but is known to be much less than that of an electron), and interacts very weakly with other matter, meaning it can pass through ordinary matter almost undetected.

The Mészáros effect refers to a phenomenon in astrophysics, particularly in the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It is named after the Hungarian astrophysicist Pál Mészáros. The effect is primarily associated with the late-time behavior of GRBs and relates to the mechanisms of energy release and emission from these astronomical events.

The history of human-computer interaction (HCI) is a rich narrative that tracks the development of how humans interact with computers and the evolution of the technologies that facilitate these interactions. Here’s an overview of key milestones and developments in this field: ### 1950s - The Birth of Computing - **Mainframe Computers**: Early computers were large, expensive, and primarily operated by specialists using punched cards and batch processing. There were no direct interactions between users and computers.

P. Chris Hammel is a physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, particularly in the fields of nanotechnology and quantum mechanics. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of magnetic systems, quantum computing, and the mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale. Hammel has been involved in research that explores the interactions between magnetic and mechanical systems and has published numerous scientific papers in these areas.

Qian Xuesen, also known as Tsien Hsue-shen, was a prominent Chinese scientist and engineer, primarily known for his contributions to the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. Born on December 11, 1911, in Hangzhou, China, he studied at Shanghai Jiao Tong University before moving to the United States, where he earned a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

Rafail Krichevskii is not a widely recognized figure in popular databases or notable events. It's possible that he is a person from a specific field not covered widely in mainstream sources, or he may have emerged as a notable figure after my last training cut-off in October 2023.

Ranulph Glanville (1943–2014) was a British cybernetician, designer, and researcher known for his work in the fields of design, systems thinking, and complexity. He made significant contributions to the understanding of cybernetics and its applications in various domains, including architecture, organizational development, and education. Glanville emphasized the importance of context and the subjective nature of knowledge, advocating for a more holistic approach to design and systems.