The World Internet Conference (WIC) is an annual event held in China that focuses on discussing the development and governance of the internet. The conference was first convened in 2014 and is organized by the Cyberspace Administration of China. It brings together leaders from government, business, academia, and civil society to share insights, exchange ideas, and address global internet-related issues.
The Conseil national du numérique (CNNum) is a French advisory body dedicated to digital issues and transformation. Established in 2011, it aims to provide recommendations and insights to the French government and other stakeholders on various aspects of the digital economy, technology, and digital policy. The CNNum's mission includes analyzing the impact of digital technology on society, the economy, and public policy, as well as promoting the development of digital skills, enhancing innovation, and fostering inclusivity in the digital realm.
France is home to a variety of internet technology companies that operate in different sectors, including software development, e-commerce, digital services, and more. Here are some notable internet technology companies based in France: 1. **Orange S.A.** - One of the largest telecommunications operators in the world, providing a range of internet and mobile services. 2. **Atos** - A multinational IT services company that offers consulting, digital services, and technology solutions to various industries.
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom refers to the regulation and restriction of online content and activities by the government, internet service providers (ISPs), or other entities. While the UK generally upholds free speech and access to information, various measures are in place that can restrict certain types of content.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, I cannot provide real-time data or the latest rankings for YouTube videos, including the most-viewed French music videos. However, some French music videos that have historically received a high number of views and could be included in such a list are: 1. **"Despacito" (Remix) - Luis Fonsi ft.
The Lyon Internet Exchange (LYONIX) is a regional Internet Exchange Point (IXP) located in Lyon, France. IXPs are critical infrastructure that facilitate the interconnection of different Internet service providers (ISPs) and networks, allowing them to exchange traffic directly rather than routing it through third-party networks. This direct exchange leads to improved network efficiency, reduced latency, and lower costs for participating networks.
Christopher Graham may refer to different individuals depending on the context. The most notable example is Christopher Graham, a British lawyer and former Information Commissioner, who served from 2009 to 2014. He was known for his work on data protection and privacy issues in the UK.
Digital Britain is a term often used to describe initiatives and policies aimed at fostering a digital economy and enhancing the country's digital infrastructure. It generally encompasses a range of strategies designed to promote growth in the digital sector, improve access to broadband, support digital skills development, and encourage innovation in technology and digital services. In the UK context, "Digital Britain" was the name of a government report published in 2009.
Electrohippies is a term that is often used to describe a group of individuals who combine environmental activism with technology, particularly the internet. The name is a portmanteau of "electronic" and "hippies," suggesting a blend of the traditional countercultural values associated with the hippie movement—such as peace, love, and ecological awareness—with modern digital activism and online organizing.
JANET NRS (National Research and Education Network Name Resolution Service) is a service provided by JANET (the Joint Academic Network) in the UK. This service is designed to help resolve domain names to IP addresses, specifically for members of the JANET community, which includes universities and research institutions. JANET NRS provides a hierarchical DNS (Domain Name System) resolution service that helps ensure efficient and reliable access to resources over the network.
Dual space by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
The dual space of a vector space , sometimes denoted , is the vector space of all linear forms over with the obvious addition and scalar multiplication operations defined.
Since a linear form is completely determined by how it acts on a basis, and since for each basis element it is specified by a scalar, at least in finite dimension, the dimension of the dual space is the same as the , and so they are isomorphic because all vector spaces of the same dimension on a given field are isomorphic, and so the dual is quite a boring concept in the context of finite dimension.
One place where duals are different from the non-duals however is when dealing with tensors, because they transform differently than vectors from the base space .
UKNOF stands for the UK Network Operators Forum. It is a community and forum for network operators and individuals involved in the operation of networks in the UK, including Internet Service Providers (ISPs), content delivery networks, and other entities that operate in the networking space. UKNOF serves as a platform for sharing knowledge, discussing technical issues, and promoting best practices among network operators.
The UK Council for Child Internet Safety (UKCCIS) is an initiative established by the UK government to promote the safe and responsible use of the internet by children and young people. It brings together a wide range of stakeholders, including government departments, law enforcement, educational institutions, child protection organizations, and internet companies, with the aim of creating a safer online environment for children.
Alan Emtage is a computer scientist known for his contributions to the development of technologies related to the internet. He is best known for being one of the creators of Archie, which was one of the first search engines for the internet. Developed in 1990 while he was a student at McGill University in Montreal, Archie was designed to index FTP archives, allowing users to find specific files more easily.
Douglas Comer is a prominent figure in the field of computer networking and education, known primarily for his work as an author and educator. He has written several influential textbooks on networking, including "Internetworking with TCP/IP," which is widely used in academic settings and by professionals in the field. Comer has made significant contributions to the understanding of internet protocols and architecture, and he has taught courses at various educational institutions, helping to shape the knowledge and skills of many in the field of computer science and networking.
Elizabeth J. Feinler is an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of internet technology. She is best known for her work in the development of the Domain Name System (DNS) and for managing the first online directory service for ARPANET, the precursor to the internet. Feinler was part of the team at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in the 1970s and played a crucial role in developing the methodologies for naming and routing on the internet.
Eva Pascoe is a notable entrepreneur and businesswoman well known for her contributions to the e-commerce and digital marketing sectors. She is often recognized for co-founding and developing innovative online retail platforms. Additionally, she has been involved in various initiatives aimed at promoting digital skills and entrepreneurship, particularly among women and underrepresented groups. Her background includes extensive experience in online retail, and she has played a significant role in helping businesses adapt to the digital landscape.
Gloria Suzanne Koenigsberger Horowitz does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or topic up to my last knowledge update in October 2023. It’s possible that she could be a private individual or a person of local significance.
Susan Estrada is not a widely recognized figure in mainstream media or literature as of my last update in October 2023. It is possible that she could be a private individual or someone known in specific contexts, such as local news, niche industries, or social media.
Kees Neggers is a Dutch tech entrepreneur known for his work in the field of telecommunications and internet infrastructure. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to the development of various internet-related technologies and platforms. He has been involved in several initiatives aimed at improving internet access and services.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact