Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist, recognized as one of the prominent figures of the Enlightenment. He is best known for his contributions to mathematics and the sciences, particularly in mechanics and the development of calculus. D'Alembert is perhaps most famously known for formulating **d'Alembert's principle**, which is a fundamental principle of dynamics that relates to the motion of bodies.

John Frederick Clarke might refer to a few different individuals, but without more specific context, it's challenging to determine exactly which John Frederick Clarke you are referring to. One notable figure with this name is John Frederick Clarke (1848-1931), who was an English physician and surgeon known for his contributions to medicine and health discussions during his time.

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850) was a prominent French chemist and physicist. He is best known for his contributions to the fields of gas laws, particularly the relationship between gas temperature and pressure, which is formulated in Gay-Lussac's law. This law states that, for a given amount of gas at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832) was a French physicist and engineer, often referred to as the "father of thermodynamics." He is best known for his seminal work on the principles of heat and work in mechanical systems, particularly through his formulation of the Carnot cycle. This idealized thermodynamic cycle helps to demonstrate the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures.

Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher known for his foundational contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory of gases. His work helped bridge the gap between macroscopic thermodynamics and microscopic particle behavior, providing a statistical framework to understand thermodynamic properties. Boltzmann is perhaps best known for the Boltzmann equation, which describes the behavior of gas particles in terms of statistical distributions.

Milton S. Plesset is a notable figure in the field of physics, particularly recognized for his contributions to the study of fluid dynamics and wave interactions. He is known for his work in the area of hydrodynamics, including research on cavitation and shock wave phenomena. Plesset's work has had implications in various applications, including engineering and scientific research. He has been affiliated with various academic institutions and has published numerous papers that have influenced the field.

William Rankine (1820–1872) was a Scottish engineer, physicist, and inventor who made significant contributions to the fields of thermodynamics and civil engineering. He is best known for developing the Rankine cycle, a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of steam engines and power plants, providing a theoretical framework for understanding their efficiency. Rankine also worked on the concepts of energy and heat transfer, and his research laid foundational principles for modern engineering practices.

Yakov Zeldovich (1914–1987) was a prominent Soviet physicist and one of the founding figures in several fields of theoretical physics, including cosmology, astrophysics, and plasma physics. He made significant contributions to the understanding of various physical phenomena, including: 1. **Cosmology**: Zeldovich is known for his work in the early development of cosmological theories, including the Big Bang model and the concept of cosmic inflation.

Morris Muskat refers to a notable figure in the field of petroleum engineering. He is well known for his significant contributions to the study of oil and gas reservoir behavior and for his work in rock mechanics and fluid flow in porous media. Muskat's research laid the groundwork for many principles used in petroleum reservoir engineering today. One of the key achievements associated with Morris Muskat is his authorship of the influential textbook "Physical Principles of Oil Production," first published in 1949.

Morrough Parker O'Brien, often abbreviated as M.P. O'Brien, was a notable historical figure involved in the political and legal landscape of 19th-century Ireland and England. He was known primarily for his contributions to the field of law and his work as a politician. O'Brien served as a Member of Parliament and was also involved in various legal cases that highlighted issues of justice and civil rights during his time.

Norman Riley is a Professor at the University of Virginia, where he has been involved in research and teaching in the fields of sociology and public policy. His work often focuses on social issues, health policy, and the sociological aspects of the public sector. Professors like Norman Riley typically engage in both academic research and practical applications of their findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in their fields and the education of students.

P. N. Shankar is likely referring to a notable figure in a specific field, but without additional context, it's difficult to determine exactly who that is. In various contexts, the acronym "P. N." might stand for different names, and "Shankar" is a common surname in India. If you could provide more context or specifics about the individual or their contributions, that would help clarify who P. N. Shankar is.

Ralph Bagnold (1920-2021) was a prominent British physicist and engineer, best known for his pioneering work in the field of sediment transport and his studies of fluid mechanics, primarily in relation to the movement of sand and dust in arid environments. He founded the Desert Research Institute in the 1950s and conducted extensive fieldwork in the Sahara Desert, where he explored the mechanics of sand dunes and the processes that shape desert landscapes.

Simen Ådnøy Ellingsen could refer to a specific individual, but there is no widely recognized public figure or entity by that name as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that he may be a private individual or someone who has gained recognition after that date.

Robert Edmund Froude does not appear to be a widely recognized figure in historical or contemporary contexts based on information available up to October 2023. It’s possible that you may be referring to someone else or that the name is notable in a specific or niche area not covered in common knowledge sources.

"Rose Morton" could refer to various subjects depending on the context. It may refer to a person, a character in a story, a product, or a term used in a specific industry. Without additional context, it's challenging to provide an accurate description.

Tim Pedley is a prominent British mathematician known for his work in fluid dynamics and applied mathematics. He has contributed significantly to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the study of waves and instabilities in fluids. Pedley has published numerous research papers and is often cited in works related to theoretical and applied aspects of fluid mechanics.

Viktor Kaplan is an Austrian engineer and inventor best known for his work in the development of the Kaplan turbine, which is a type of water turbine used primarily for generating hydroelectric power. The Kaplan turbine is particularly effective in low-head hydroelectric installations and is characterized by its adjustable blades, allowing it to operate efficiently under varying water flow conditions. Kaplan's innovations significantly advanced turbine technology and hydroelectric power generation, contributing to the efficiency and effectiveness of renewable energy sources.

Veniamin Levich is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the fields of electrochemistry and fluid mechanics. He is particularly recognized for his work on the behavior of fluids in thin films and complex fluids, as well as his research on ion transport and other phenomena at the microscopic scale.

Wolfgang Haack could refer to a few different things depending on the context, but there is no widely known figure or concept that stands out with this name in popular culture, science, or history as of my last update in October 2023. It’s possible that Wolfgang Haack might be a less prominent individual in academia, business, or other areas not covered broadly in available datasets.