Maria Emelianenko is not a widely recognized figure in publicly available information as of my last update. It's possible that she could be a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or a fictional character.

Martin Harvey Krieger is an American mathematician and educator known for his work in various fields, including mathematics and education. He has contributed to the study of chaos theory, dynamical systems, and the philosophy of mathematics, as well as the relationships between mathematics and other disciplines.

Michel Bercovier is a mathematician and researcher primarily known for his work in the field of computational mathematics, particularly in relation to fractals and their applications. He has contributed to the understanding of numerical methods, special functions, and mathematical modeling. His research often intersects with areas such as mathematical physics, computational geometry, and applied mathematics.

SN 2018cow is a type Ia supernova that was discovered in June 2018 in the nearby galaxy CGCG 137-068, located about 60 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ursa Major. It drew significant attention from astronomers due to its unusual characteristics, including its rapid rise and decline in brightness, as well as its spectrum, which revealed properties indicative of a supernova.

In mathematics and physics, the term "adjoint equation" often arises in the context of linear differential equations, functional analysis, and optimal control theory. The specific meaning can depend on the context in which it is used. Here’s a brief overview of its applications: 1. **Linear Differential Equations**: In the analysis of linear differential equations, the adjoint of a linear operator is typically another linear operator that reflects certain properties of the original operator.

The Baldwin–Lomax model is a mathematical model used in fluid dynamics to predict the behavior of turbulent flows, particularly in the context of boundary layer flows over surfaces. This model specifically addresses the turbulence characteristics in boundary layers, which are layers of fluid in close proximity to a solid surface where viscous effects are significant. The Baldwin–Lomax model is notable for its simplicity and its semi-empirical nature, meaning it combines theoretical concepts with empirical data to provide closure to the turbulence equations.

The Bedlam Cube is a term primarily associated with an art installation and a mathematical object. In the context of art, it refers to a complex, abstract structure or sculpture, often designed to challenge perceptions and spatial understanding, echoing the chaotic and intricate nature of a "bedlam" or disorderly environment. In mathematical or mathematical puzzle contexts, the term can evoke the idea of intricate shapes or complex surfaces that can be difficult to visualize or manipulate, related to topics in topology or geometry.

The minimum \( k \)-cut problem is a classic problem in graph theory and combinatorial optimization. It involves partitioning the vertices of a given graph into \( k \) disjoint subsets (or "parts") in such a way that the total weight of the edges that need to be cut (i.e., the edges that connect vertices in different subsets) is minimized.

A binary constraint is a type of constraint that involves exactly two variables in a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). In the context of CSPs, constraints are rules or conditions that restrict the values that variables can simultaneously take. Binary constraints specify the relationships between pairs of variables and define which combinations of variable values are acceptable.

The Bogomolny equations are a set of partial differential equations that arise in the context of supersymmetric field theories and are particularly significant in the study of solitons, such as magnetic monopoles. Named after the physicist E.B. Bogomolny, these equations provide a way to find solutions that satisfy certain stability conditions. In the context of gauge theory, the Bogomolny equations generally involve a relationship between a gauge field and scalar fields.

PTAS reduction is a concept in computational complexity theory related to the classification of optimization problems, particularly in the context of approximability. PTAS stands for "Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme." A PTAS is an algorithm that takes an instance of an optimization problem and produces a solution that is provably close to optimal, with the closeness depending on a parameter ε (epsilon) that can be made arbitrarily small.

The metric k-center problem is a classic problem in computer science and operations research, particularly in the field of combinatorial optimization and facility location. The problem can be described as follows: Given a metric space (a set of points with a distance function that satisfies the properties of a metric) and a positive integer \( k \), the goal is to choose \( k \) centers from a set of points such that the maximum distance from any point in the metric space to the nearest center is minimized.

A superadditive set function is a type of set function that satisfies a certain property regarding the union of sets.

Arnold Schönhage is a German computer scientist known for his contributions to algorithms and data structures, particularly in the field of numerical analysis and computer algebra. He is best known for developing the Schönhage-Strassen algorithm, which is an efficient method for multiplying large integers. This algorithm has important implications in computational number theory and has influenced the design of software for mathematical computations.

Charles William Clenshaw is not widely recognized in public records or historical contexts as of my last update in October 2023. It is possible that he may refer to a private individual or someone with limited public exposure. If you are referring to a specific person, event, or context involving that name, please provide additional details for further clarification. Alternatively, it could be a newer or less prominent topic that emerged after my last update.

The term "inherent zero" typically refers to a concept in statistics and measurement, particularly in the context of scale types. Inherent zero is characterized by the absence of the quality being measured, meaning that at the zero point on the scale, there is a complete lack of the quantity being quantified. For example, in temperature scales, zero degrees Celsius does not represent a complete absence of temperature, so it is not considered an inherent zero.

One-of-a-kind computers, often referred to as "custom computers" or "bespoke computers," are unique computing systems that are specifically designed and built for a particular application, function, or purpose. These computers typically differ from mass-produced systems in various significant ways: 1. **Customization**: One-of-a-kind computers are tailored to meet specific requirements or specifications, which could include unique hardware configurations, specialized software, or dedicated user interfaces.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there isn't any widely recognized figure or concept named "Alla Masevich." It’s possible that she could be a private individual, a less-public figure, or a name that has gained prominence after my last update.

A Damped Lyman-alpha system (DLA) is a type of astronomical object observed in the spectra of distant quasars and galaxies. It is characterized by a strong absorption feature in the Lyman-alpha transition of hydrogen (at a wavelength of 121.6 nm) due to neutral hydrogen gas in the intervening medium.

Philip Rabinowitz was an American mathematician known for his contributions to various areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, numerical analysis, and applied mathematics. He was particularly recognized for his work on approximation theory and rational approximation. Throughout his career, he authored numerous research papers and was involved in academic teaching and mentorship. Rabinowitz’s work has had a lasting influence in his fields of study, and he may be cited in various mathematical literature.