Delta neutral is a trading strategy that aims to reduce or eliminate the directional risk associated with price movements in an underlying asset. In the context of options and derivatives, "delta" measures the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in the price of the underlying asset. Specifically, it represents the expected change in the option's price for a $1 change in the price of the underlying asset. When a portfolio is delta neutral, the total delta of the position is zero.

A multi-compartment model is a mathematical framework used to describe and analyze systems that can be divided into multiple interconnected compartments or segments. This modeling approach is widely used in various fields, including pharmacokinetics, ecology, and epidemiology, to represent how substances or populations move and interact within different compartments over time.

Koopman–von Neumann classical mechanics is a formalism of classical mechanics that extends traditional Hamiltonian mechanics, providing a framework that emphasizes the use of functional spaces and operators rather than conventional state variables. This approach is rooted in the work of mathematicians and physicists, particularly B.O. Koopman and J. von Neumann, in the 1930s.

An auscultatory gap is a phenomenon observed during the measurement of blood pressure. It refers to a temporary disappearance of Korotkoff sounds between systolic and diastolic pressures when using a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope.

The EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics is an academic journal that focuses on research related to various aspects of transportation and logistics. It is part of the EURO (the Association of European Operational Research Societies) series of journals, which are aimed at disseminating high-quality research in operational research and related fields. The journal publishes original research articles, case studies, and review papers that contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of transportation systems, logistics management, supply chain issues, and related areas.

Algorithmic learning theory is a subfield of machine learning and computational learning theory that focuses on the study of algorithms that can learn from data and improve their performance over time. It combines concepts from algorithm design, statistical learning, and information theory to understand and formalize how machines can uncover patterns, make predictions, and make decisions based on data.

Astrochicken is a conceptual project and an internet meme originating from the 1980s that combines elements of humor, futurism, and absurdity. The term is often associated with the idea of genetically engineered chickens capable of surviving and thriving in space, reflecting a satirical take on technological advancements and scientific experimentation. The concept gained prominence in various online discussions, especially around topics related to biotechnology and the potential for genetic manipulation of animals for purposes beyond their natural environments.

Avida is a digital evolution platform that simulates the processes of natural selection and evolution in a controlled environment. It allows users to create and manipulate virtual organisms that can evolve over time based on programmed genetic algorithms. Each organism has a set of traits and can perform simple tasks, competing for resources and adapting to changes in the environment. Avida is often used as a tool for research and education in evolutionary biology, computer science, and artificial life.

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system to ensure that they are who they claim to be. It is a critical component of security protocols in various fields, including computing, networking, and information security. The primary goal of authentication is to protect systems and data from unauthorized access and to ensure that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized users.

Prêt à Voter is a French term that translates to "Ready to Vote" in English. It typically refers to an initiative or platform designed to facilitate the voting process, making it more accessible and straightforward for voters. This could include providing information about voting procedures, offering resources for understanding candidates and issues, or even digital tools that help with the voting process itself.

Telephone numbers in Africa vary by country, and each country has its own system for numbering. However, there are general features common across many African nations: 1. **Country Codes**: Each African country has a specific country code, which is used when dialing from abroad. For example: - Nigeria: +234 - South Africa: +27 - Kenya: +254 - Egypt: +20 2.

In the context of algebraic groups, the **radical** refers to a specific type of subgroup that is closely related to the structure of the group itself. More formally, the radical of an algebraic group \( G \) is defined as the largest normal solvable subgroup of \( G \). ### Key Concepts: 1. **Algebraic Group**: An algebraic group is a group that is also an algebraic variety, meaning it can be defined by polynomial equations.

The Von Neumann paradox, also known as the "Von Neumann architecture paradox," is a concept in the field of game theory and economics, particularly in the context of decision-making and self-referential systems. However, there is another related concept often referred to as the "paradox of choice" in decision-making processes.

A **Quantum Markov semigroup** is a mathematical object used in the study of open quantum systems, where the dynamics of a quantum system are influenced by its interaction with an environment. These semigroups are a generalization of classical Markov processes adapted to the framework of quantum mechanics. ### Key Concepts 1. **Quantum Systems**: In the quantum context, a system is represented by a Hilbert space and is described by a density operator (mixed state) on that space.

"West Ice" generally refers to a section of sea ice located in the Arctic region, specifically in the western part of the Arctic Ocean. This area can include portions of the Greenland Sea, the Barents Sea, and other adjacent waters. Sea ice is an important part of the Arctic ecosystem and plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate.

Sergiu Hart is a prominent Romanian-American mathematician known for his contributions to game theory, economics, and combinatorial optimization. He has made significant advancements in the study of dynamic programming, decision theory, and other areas of applied mathematics. Hart is also recognized for his work on the Nash equilibrium and various concepts within cooperative and non-cooperative games.

The concept of "Manipulated Nash Equilibrium" is not a standard term in game theory literature but can pertain to scenarios where players in a game can strategize to influence or manipulate the outcome to their advantage while still adhering to the principles of Nash equilibrium. In a typical Nash equilibrium, each player’s strategy is optimal given the strategy chosen by all other players. In other words, no player can benefit by unilaterally changing their strategy if the other players' strategies remain unchanged.

Steve Jackson is a mathematician known for his contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in areas like combinatorics, graph theory, and topology. He has made significant efforts in advancing mathematical knowledge and education. One of the notable aspects of his work is his involvement in mathematical games and puzzles, which can help engage a wider audience with mathematical concepts. In addition to his research, Jackson has been involved in various mathematics outreach activities and has published works aimed at promoting mathematical understanding and appreciation.

The term "smartphone patent wars" refers to a series of legal battles over patent rights between major technology companies in the smartphone industry. These disputes typically arise from claims of patent infringement, where one company alleges that another has used its patented technology without permission, leading to litigation, licensing negotiations, and sometimes, significant changes in product offerings or features.

Nroff is a text formatting utility that is part of the Unix operating system. It is used to format text files for output to a terminal or printer. The name "nroff" stands for "new roff," where "roff" is an abbreviation for "runoff," which was an early text formatting program. Nroff processes files that contain plain text along with formatting commands and produces output that can be displayed on character-based terminals or printed on paper.