Gelatin is a translucent, flavorless food ingredient derived from collagen, which is a protein found in animal connective tissues, such as skin, bones, and cartilage. It is commonly used in cooking and food production due to its gelling properties.

Organogels are a type of gel-like material composed primarily of a liquid organic solvent and a gelator, which is typically a small organic molecule or polymer that can form a three-dimensional network throughout the solvent. This network holds the solvent in place, giving the material its gel-like properties.

Vetigel is a product developed by the biotechnology company 3D Biotek, and it is designed to promote wound healing and stop bleeding in various medical contexts. It is a hydrogel made from plant-derived materials that can be applied to cuts, abrasions, surgical sites, and other wounds. The primary function of Vetigel is to quickly control bleeding by forming a gel-like barrier over the wound, which helps to stabilize blood clots and create an environment conducive to healing.

Water gel, often referred to as a hydrogel, is a gel-like substance that contains a significant amount of water—usually over 90% by weight—mixed with a polymer material. These gels can retain large amounts of water while maintaining a structure that resembles a solid, allowing them to take on various shapes and forms.

The Department of Geodesy at Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), also known as the Gdańsk University of Technology, is an academic department specializing in geodesy, which is the scientific study of Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field, as well as the mapping and surveying of the Earth's surface. The department typically focuses on areas such as satellite geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS).

The Bavarian State Office for Survey and Geoinformation (Bayerisches Landesamt für Vermessung und Geoinformation, or BLVG) is a governmental agency in Bavaria, Germany, that is responsible for land surveying, geoinformation, and mapping services. Its primary functions include: 1. **Land Surveying**: Conducting surveys to determine property boundaries and maintaining the cadastral system, which records land ownership and property rights.

Geodesic deviation refers to the phenomenon in general relativity that describes how nearby geodesics—paths followed by free-falling particles—diverge or converge due to the curvature of spacetime. In a curved spacetime, even if an object starts out on a geodesic (which is the generalization of a straight line in curved space), the path of that object may not remain parallel to the path of a nearby object over time.

The Bureau des Longitudes, or the Bureau of Longitudes, was a French institution established in 1795, primarily focused on the determination of longitude at sea. Its creation was in response to the urgent need for accurate navigation methods, particularly in the wake of the challenges presented by maritime exploration and trade. The Bureau played a significant role in the development of astronomical techniques and instruments to improve navigation.

EEGECS stands for Electrical and Electronic Engineering Graduate Conference Series. It is an academic conference that focuses on various topics within electrical and electronic engineering. At such conferences, researchers, engineers, and students present their work through papers, posters, and presentations, providing a platform for sharing knowledge, networking, and discussing the latest advancements in the field.

The Faculty of Geodesy at the University of Zagreb is a specialized educational and research institution in Croatia focused on geodesy, which is the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field. Established in 1772, the Faculty of Geodesy is one of the oldest institutions of its kind in the world.

The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, known in German as the "Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen" (BEV), is the national authoritative body in Austria responsible for metrology (the science of measurement) and surveying. Its main functions include: 1. **Metrology**: The BEV ensures the accuracy and reliability of measurements and measuring instruments. This involves the calibration of measurement instruments and the establishment of measurement standards that comply with national and international requirements.

The Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, located in Bavaria, Germany, is a prominent research facility operated by the Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG), which is the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy of Germany. Established in 1995, the observatory specializes in geodesy, the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravitational field, as well as how these properties change over time.

The field of physics has a rich history, with numerous influential publications that have significantly shaped our understanding of the universe. Here’s a list of some important publications in physics, spanning various subfields: 1. **Isaac Newton - "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (1687)** - Introduced the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

The African Geodetic Reference Frame (AFREF) is a framework developed for accurately referencing geographic locations and measurements across the African continent. It provides a standardized coordinate system that allows for consistent positioning, mapping, and navigation throughout Africa, facilitating various applications in fields such as surveying, geodesy, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and scientific research. AFREF is designed to enhance interoperability among different national and regional geodetic systems in Africa.

The Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDREI) is a remote sensing index used to assess vegetation health and monitor plant stress. It leverages the reflectance properties of plants in the red edge region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is typically found between the red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The red edge is particularly sensitive to changes in chlorophyll content and leaf structure, making it an effective indicator for analyzing vegetation conditions.

The Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian Expedition (also known as the Great Northern Expedition) was a significant scientific endeavor in the 18th century aimed at measuring a meridian arc—a crucial task for understanding the shape and size of the Earth. Conducted between 1736 and 1743, the expedition was a collaboration between Swedish and Russian scientists and explorers.

Gravimetry satellites are specialized satellites used to measure variations in Earth's gravitational field. These variations can reveal important information about the structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior and surface, including variations in mass distribution due to geological features, oceanic currents, and changes due to human activity. Key functions and principles of gravimetry satellites include: 1. **Gravitational Measurements**: They measure tiny differences in gravitational acceleration at different points on Earth’s surface.

The Anglo-French Survey was a significant geodesic survey conducted between 1784 and 1790 with the objective of precisely measuring the arc of a meridian from Dunkirk in France to Torquay in England. This survey was part of a broader effort to establish a more accurate understanding of the size and shape of the Earth, ultimately contributing to the development of the metric system.

The Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG) is a collaborative initiative that focuses on providing resources, tools, and frameworks for researchers studying geodynamics and related fields. It aims to advance the understanding of Earth’s structure, processes, and evolution by facilitating the development and application of computational models and simulations.

Dynamic topography refers to the variation in the Earth's surface elevation due to dynamic processes occurring beneath the crust, primarily influenced by mantle convection and tectonic activity. Unlike static topography, which is determined by features such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus formed through geological processes like erosion and sediment deposition, dynamic topography changes over geological timescales because of movements within the Earth's mantle.