Induced radioactivity, also known as artificial radioactivity, refers to the phenomenon where stable nuclei are transformed into radioactive isotopes as a result of exposure to external radiation, typically through neutron bombardment or other forms of particle or radiation interactions. This process occurs when a stable nucleus absorbs a neutron or another particle, leading to a nuclear reaction that alters its composition and stability, making it radioactive.

Linear energy transfer (LET) refers to the amount of energy that a radiation particle transfers to the material it passes through per unit length. In simpler terms, it measures how much energy a radiation particle, such as an alpha particle, beta particle, or proton, imparts to the surrounding medium (like tissue or other materials) as it travels through it.

Radiation damage refers to the detrimental alterations that can occur in materials, biological tissues, and living organisms as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. This radiation can come from various sources, including radioactive materials, cosmic rays, and certain medical treatments (like X-rays and radiation therapy for cancer). ### Types of Radiation 1. **Ionizing Radiation**: This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.

Radiation hardening refers to the process of making electronic systems, components, or materials resistant to the effects of ionizing radiation. This is crucial for applications in environments where radiation levels are high, such as space missions, nuclear facilities, or certain medical applications. Radiation can cause a variety of adverse effects on electronic devices, including: 1. **Single Event Upsets (SEUs)**: Transient errors caused by charged particles disrupting the normal operation of a transistor or memory cell.

Carl Goldberg Products is a company known for manufacturing and supplying radio control (RC) model aircraft and related products. Founded by Carl Goldberg, the company has been involved in the hobby industry for several decades, producing a range of models, including trainers, gliders, and other RC aircraft designs. They are recognized for their quality and innovative designs, catering to hobbyists and enthusiasts in the model aviation community. The brand has historically been significant in promoting and developing model aviation as a hobby.

Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) is a specialized form of radiation treatment delivered directly to a tumor site during surgery. This approach allows for high doses of radiation to be administered precisely to the area where the tumor is located while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Here are some key points about IORT: 1. **Timing**: IORT is performed during the surgical procedure, often after the tumor has been surgically removed and before the surgical site is closed.

A PSMA (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen) scan is a type of imaging study used primarily in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. It utilizes a radiotracer that binds specifically to PSMA, a protein that is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostate tissue.

Hirobo is a Japanese company primarily known for manufacturing radio-controlled (RC) models, especially helicopters. Founded in 1961, Hirobo has established itself as a prominent player in the RC industry, particularly renowned for its high-quality products and innovative designs. The company produces a range of RC aircraft, including helicopters, airplanes, and associated accessories like parts and upgrade kits. Hirobo's products are popular among hobbyists and enthusiasts who appreciate precision engineering and performance in RC flying.

"Hotliner" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used: 1. **Customer Service**: In customer service, a "hotliner" may refer to a dedicated service line or hotline for urgent or priority issues, providing immediate assistance to customers or clients. 2. **Telecommunications**: The term may also relate to a specific type of phone line that is directly accessible, often used in emergency situations or special services.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is a preventive radiation therapy used primarily in patients with certain types of cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and, in some cases, hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia. The goal of PCI is to reduce the risk of the cancer spreading to the brain, which can occur in these types of cancers.

Radiation burn, also known as radiation dermatitis or radiodermatitis, is a type of skin damage that occurs due to exposure to ionizing radiation or radiation from medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for cancer. The severity of radiation burns can vary widely depending on factors such as the dose of radiation received, the duration of exposure, the area of the body affected, and individual skin sensitivity.

Radiotherapy & Oncology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the field of radiation oncology. It encompasses research, clinical studies, and advances in the treatment of cancer using radiotherapy. The journal publishes articles on various aspects of radiotherapy, including techniques, technology, clinical trials, and the biological effects of radiation on cancer cells.

Radiotherapy can have various side effects on fertility, and these effects depend on several factors, including the area of the body being treated, the dosage of radiation, and the individual's age and overall health. Here’s a general overview of how radiotherapy might affect fertility in both males and females: ### In Females 1. **Ovarian Damage**: Radiation to the pelvic area can affect the ovaries, potentially leading to reduced hormone production and diminished ovarian function.

Radiopharmacology is a specialized field within pharmacology that focuses on the use of radioactive substances (radiopharmaceuticals) for diagnosis, therapy, and research in medicine. It combines principles from nuclear medicine, pharmacology, and radiochemistry to study and apply the interactions of these substances within the body.

AstroFlight refers to various concepts, products, or organizations related to aerospace technology, model aviation, or potentially even space exploration. However, without more specific context, it's challenging to pinpoint an exact definition. One of the more commonly known references is to **AstroFlight Inc.**, a company that specializes in developing electric propulsion systems for model aircraft and other hobby-related products. They are known for innovations in electric flight technology and have contributed to the growing popularity of electric-powered model planes.

Koncepto Milenya is a term associated with a public entertainment and events business in the Philippines. Founded by a group of motivated young individuals, it aims to produce creative and high-quality events that promote local talents and foster a sense of community. The organization typically focuses on organizing various activities such as concerts, festivals, and local art exhibits, showcasing both established and emerging Filipino artists and performers.

ParkZone is a brand that specializes in the design and production of Ready-to-Fly (RTF) radio-controlled aircraft, primarily focusing on the hobby of aeromodeling. Known for providing user-friendly products, ParkZone caters to both beginners and experienced pilots with a range of electric-powered airplanes and accessories. Their models often come with features such as pre-installed electronics, simple assembly, and a variety of designs, from trainers to sport and scale aircraft.

XMODS refers to a line of customizable toy cars produced by the toy manufacturer, *Revoltech*. These cars are designed to be easily modified and customized, appealing to hobbyists and collectors. In particular, XMODS allows users to change body styles, wheels, and performance parts, thereby offering a hands-on experience that combines elements of racing, building, and collecting.

The International Radio Sailing Association (IRSA) governs various classes of radio-controlled sailboats used in competitive sailing. The classes are defined by specific rules and specifications that outline the design, dimensions, and other characteristics of the boats. Some of the recognized classes under IRSA include: 1. **International One Metre (IOM)** - A very popular class with a length of one meter, recognized for its competitive racing.

"Japan Remote Control" can refer to various topics, depending on the context. However, without specific context, it often pertains to technological applications or services related to remote controlling devices in Japan. This can include: 1. **Remote-Controlled Devices**: Japan is known for its advancements in robotics and technology. This can refer to remote-controlled gadgets like drones, robots, or even appliances that can be operated from a distance.