A Bandwidth Broker is a service or platform that facilitates the buying, selling, and management of bandwidth resources in a network. The main purpose of a bandwidth broker is to optimize the use of network resources by connecting those who have excess bandwidth to those who need it. This can apply to various contexts, including Internet service providers (ISPs), cloud service providers, content delivery networks (CDNs), and enterprise networks.

The Bangkok Doll Museum, also known as the "Bangkok Doll Factory and Museum," is a unique cultural attraction located in Bangkok, Thailand. It showcases a vast collection of dolls, many of which are handcrafted and representative of various cultures and traditions. The museum features dolls from Thailand and other parts of the world, highlighting the artistic craftsmanship involved in doll-making.

The Barabási–Albert (BA) model is a preferential attachment model for generating scale-free networks, which are networks characterized by a degree distribution that follows a power law. This model was proposed by Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert in their seminal 1999 paper. ### Key Features of the Barabási–Albert Model: 1. **Network Growth**: The BA model creates networks by starting with a small number of connected nodes and adding new nodes over time.

Barbara Sherwood Lollar is a Canadian geologist renowned for her work in the field of Earth Sciences, particularly in the study of groundwater and the geological processes that affect it. She has made significant contributions to our understanding of the origins and movement of water in the Earth's crust, as well as the implications for life in extreme environments, such as deep underground ecosystems.

Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH is a company that specializes in the development and manufacture of testing and measuring equipment, particularly in the field of material testing. Founded in Germany, the company is known for its innovative solutions in quality assurance and testing for various industries, including rubber, plastics, and materials science. Their product range typically includes devices for hardness testing, thermal analysis, and other forms of material testing and analysis.

Barnette's conjecture is a proposition in the field of combinatorial geometry, specifically concerning polyhedra. It states that for a polyhedron with \( n \) vertices, the number of faces \( f \) must satisfy the inequality: \[ f \leq 2n - 4 \] This conjecture essentially posits an upper bound on the number of faces in a convex polyhedron based on its number of vertices.

The Barre Firehouse Weathervane is a notable historical weathervane located atop the firehouse in Barre, Massachusetts. It is distinguished by its unique design, typically featuring an artistic representation of a fireman, which reflects the heritage and pride of the local firefighting community. Weathervanes like this one are often seen as symbols of a town's history and identity.

The Bartell mechanism is a concept in the field of polymer chemistry that describes a specific type of ionization process. It is primarily associated with the study of the effects of various catalysts and reaction conditions on the polymerization process. The Bartell mechanism involves a series of steps that typically include the formation of an intermediate complex that facilitates the transfer of energy or the movement of ions during the reaction.

BBC New Media refers to the division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that focuses on the development and distribution of digital content and services. This includes online platforms such as the BBC website, BBC iPlayer, and various mobile apps. The New Media division is responsible for adapting traditional broadcasting content for online consumption, creating interactive digital experiences, and engaging audiences through social media and other digital channels.

The BBC Micro expansion unit, often referred to as the BBC Microcomputer System expansion unit or simply an expansion unit, was a peripheral designed to enhance the functionality of the BBC Microcomputer series, which was introduced by Acorn Computers in the early 1980s. The BBC Micro was widely used in schools and homes in the UK and was notable for its educational emphasis and capability.

The Generalized Gauss–Newton (GGN) method is an extension of the standard Gauss–Newton algorithm used for solving nonlinear least squares problems. The Gauss–Newton method is a nonlinear optimization technique that provides a way to find the minimum of a sum of squares of nonlinear functions. It is particularly useful when dealing with problems where the objective function can be expressed as a sum of squared residuals.

A **probabilistic metric space** is a generalization of the concept of a metric space, where the notion of distance between points is represented by a probability distribution rather than a single non-negative real number. This framework is useful in various fields, including applied mathematics, statistics, and computer science, where uncertainty and variability are inherent in the data being analyzed.

The Behrend sequence refers to a construction in combinatorial number theory that produces sets of integers with certain properties related to the sum of their elements. In particular, the Behrend sequence is often associated with sets of integers that do not contain three-term arithmetic progressions.

"Belgitude" is a term that refers to the cultural identity and characteristics associated with Belgium. It is often used to explore the unique blend of influences and traditions that arise from Belgium's diverse regions, languages, and communities. Belgium has three primary language groups: Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north, French-speaking Wallonia in the south, and a small German-speaking community in the east. This multilingualism contributes to the complexity of Belgian identity.

Alhazen's problem, named after the medieval Arab mathematician and physicist Ibn al-Haytham (known as Alhazen), addresses the challenge of determining the position of a point light source based on the angles of incidence and reflection in a concave mirror. Specifically, it involves finding the location of a point source of light (such as a candle) outside a spherical mirror when given the angles at which the light reflects off the mirror's surface.

In algebraic topology, Betti numbers are a sequence of integers that provide important information about the topology of a topological space. They are used to classify spaces based on their connectivity properties and to understand their shape and structure. Specifically, the \(n\)-th Betti number, denoted \(b_n\), represents the rank of the \(n\)-th homology group \(H_n(X)\) of a topological space \(X\).

"Blown off course" is a phrase typically used to describe a situation where someone or something has been diverted from their intended path or direction, often due to unexpected circumstances. This expression is frequently used in both literal and metaphorical contexts: 1. **Literal Context**: In navigation or sailing, if a ship or aircraft is "blown off course," it means that strong winds or other environmental factors have caused it to stray from its intended route.

Bernard Wood is an influential geologist known for his work in the fields of geochronology, stratigraphy, and sedimentology, particularly concerning the history of Earth and its geological processes. He has contributed significantly to our understanding of the geological time scale, sedimentary processes, and the interpretation of Earth's rock record. In addition to his research contributions, Wood has been involved in education and public outreach in geology, helping to communicate complex geological concepts to broader audiences.

Bernoulli numbers are a sequence of rational numbers that have important applications in number theory and mathematical analysis, particularly in the computation of sums of powers of integers and in the theory of Fourier series. They are named after the Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli.

The term "generation of primes" typically refers to the process of finding or generating prime numbers. There are various methods and algorithms used to achieve this, each with its own approach and efficiency. Here are a few common methods for generating prime numbers: 1. **Sieve of Eratosthenes**: This ancient algorithm efficiently identifies all prime numbers up to a specified integer \( n \). It works by iteratively marking the multiples of each prime starting from 2.