"Salts" can refer to various things depending on the context. Here are a few common meanings: 1. **Chemistry**: In chemistry, a salt is a compound formed when an acid reacts with a base. It consists of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). Common table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), is a well-known example.

A composite bearing is a type of bearing made from a combination of different materials that are designed to provide performance characteristics not achievable by traditional metal bearings. These bearings often combine polymer materials, such as plastics or composites, with metals or other materials, resulting in enhanced properties such as reduced weight, corrosion resistance, lower friction, and improved wear resistance.

Surface finish refers to the texture and appearance of the surface of a material, typically metal, plastic, or wood, after it has been processed. It is a critical aspect of manufacturing and engineering, as it can influence the performance, durability, and aesthetic appeal of a product. Key factors that define surface finish include: 1. **Roughness**: This refers to the small, uneven deviations from the intended geometry of the surface.

Thixotropy is a property of certain gels and fluids that are non-Newtonian, meaning their viscosity changes under stress or over time. Specifically, thixotropic substances become less viscous when subjected to shear stress (like stirring or shaking) and will gradually return to a more viscous state when allowed to rest.

"Welders" can refer to two main things: 1. **Welders (Professionals)**: Welders are skilled tradespeople who use welding techniques to join metals together. This involves melting the base materials and adding a filler material to form a strong joint when it cools.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that was developed in 1991 by The Welding Institute (TWI) in the UK. It is primarily used for joining materials like aluminum and other non-ferrous metals, but it can also be applied to some ferrous metals and polymers.

Cold welding is a solid-state welding process that occurs when two metal surfaces come into contact under sufficient pressure, causing the materials to bond at the atomic level without the need for heat. This phenomenon typically happens with certain metals, such as aluminum, copper, and gold, which can form strong bonds when clean, oxide-free surfaces are pressed against each other.

Welding is a fabrication process that involves joining materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, through coalescence. This is typically achieved by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material, which forms a strong joint upon cooling. There are various welding processes, each with its own advantages, applications, and techniques.

"Langmuir" is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society (ACS). It is named after the Nobel Prize-winning chemist Irving Langmuir and focuses on research in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering. The journal primarily publishes articles related to surface and colloid science, interfacial phenomena, and the properties and behaviors of molecular and nanoscale systems.

The USBM (United States Bureau of Mines) wettability index is a measure used to characterize the wettability of porous media, particularly in the context of petroleum production and reservoir engineering. Wettability refers to the affinity of a solid surface (such as rock) to preferentially attract one fluid over another, such as oil or water.

Ultrahydrophobicity refers to a surface property characterized by an extremely high degree of water repellency. Typically, a surface that exhibits ultrahydrophobic behavior has a water contact angle greater than 150 degrees. This means that water droplets on such surfaces tend to bead up and roll off rather than spreading out and adhering to the surface. Ultrahydrophobic surfaces are often created through a combination of chemical and physical structuring.

Earth tide, also known as solid Earth tide or terrestrial tide, refers to the periodic deformation of the Earth's crust caused primarily by the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun. Similar to ocean tides, which cause the rise and fall of sea levels, Earth tides result in the slight movement and displacement of solid land. The gravitational pull of the Moon, which is much stronger than that of the Sun due to its proximity, causes the Earth's crust to deform.

"Liquid Time" is a concept often associated with the fluid and flexible nature of time in contemporary life, especially in relation to technology, digital communication, and globalization. It suggests that time is no longer experienced in a linear or rigid way but is instead more adaptable, often influenced by the immediacy and availability of information and interactions in the digital age.

A Peregrine soliton is a type of localized wave structure that arises in nonlinear wave equations, particularly in the context of water waves and optical fibers. It is named after the "Peregrine" falcon due to its fleeting and elusive nature. The Peregrine soliton is characterized by its ability to maintain its shape while traveling at a constant speed, and it is considered a prototype of a rogue wave, a phenomenon that is significantly larger than the surrounding waves and often appears suddenly.

Stokes drift refers to the phenomenon in fluid dynamics where particles or fluid elements move in a direction slightly different from that of the wave propagation itself due to the non-linear nature of surface waves. This effect is most commonly observed in ocean waves. In a simplified explanation, as a wave travels through the water, it creates circular or elliptical orbital motions of water particles.

The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a test used to evaluate the strength of subgrade soil and its suitability for supporting roads, airfields, and other structures. The test measures the ability of the soil to withstand penetration by a standard piston under controlled moisture and density conditions. The CBR test is performed by comparing the pressure required to penetrate a soil sample with that required to penetrate a standard crushed stone material. The results are expressed as a percentage.

R-value in the context of soils refers to a measure used to evaluate the resistance of soil to deformation and erosion, particularly under load. It is often used in the field of geotechnical engineering to assess the strength and stability of subgrade materials for constructions such as roads, foundations, and earth structures. The R-value is typically determined through a series of tests where soil samples are subjected to loading conditions.

John Wyatt was an English inventor and engineer best known for his innovations in the textile industry during the late 18th century. Born in 1700, he is particularly recognized for inventing the roller spinning machine, which significantly improved the process of spinning cotton. His efforts played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, contributing to the efficiency and productivity of textile manufacturing.

"Chikyū" (地球) is the Japanese word for "Earth." It is used in various contexts, including geography, science, and culture, to refer to the planet we inhabit. In discussions about environmental issues, ecology, and global phenomena, "Chikyū" often comes up as a way to emphasize the importance of protecting our planet and understanding its systems. Additionally, the term can also appear in popular culture, literature, and media in Japan.