The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was a satellite launched by NASA on November 18, 1989, and designed to study the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) of the universe. The primary goals of COBE were to measure the CMBR's temperature and to explore the structure and anisotropies (small variations in temperature) within it.

The Qubic experiment (short for "QUBIC: Q & U B-mode Imaging Experiment") is a scientific project designed to investigate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Specifically, it focuses on detecting and characterizing the polarization of the CMB, particularly the B-mode polarization, which is a potential signature of gravitational waves from the early universe, such as those produced during cosmic inflation.

The Geophysical Institute is typically an academic or research institution focused on the study of various geophysical phenomena, which may include areas such as geology, meteorology, oceanography, and seismology. These institutes are often affiliated with universities and conduct research, provide education, and develop technologies related to Earth sciences.

The Decennial Mineral Exploration Conferences are events that typically occur every ten years, focusing on the latest advancements, research, techniques, and practices in mineral exploration and mining. These conferences bring together geologists, geophysicists, mining engineers, environmental scientists, and industry professionals to share knowledge, discuss trends, and explore innovations in the field of mineral exploration. Usually, these conferences involve presentations, panel discussions, workshops, and networking opportunities.

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a major research facility located in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China. It is designed for conducting advanced neutron scattering experiments, which are vital for a range of scientific fields, including materials science, biology, chemistry, and physics. The CSNS operates using a technique called spallation, where neutrons are produced by bombarding a target material (often made of heavy metals like tungsten or mercury) with high-energy protons.

In the context of National Physical Laboratory (NPL) measurement science, "Time" refers to precise timekeeping and measurements related to time standards. The NPL is known for its work in developing and maintaining national measurement standards, including time and frequency standards. MSF (Master Standard Frequency) is a time signal transmitted by the National Physical Laboratory in the UK, which provides accurate time and frequency information to users.

Dubna is a city in Russia, located about 125 kilometers northeast of Moscow, on the banks of the Volga River. It is known primarily for hosting the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), an international research organization that conducts scientific research in nuclear physics and related fields. JINR was established in 1956 and has played a significant role in various scientific discoveries and collaborations, bringing together scientists from multiple countries.

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Solving differential equations was apparently Lie's original motivation for developing Lie groups. It is therefore likely one of the most understandable ways to approach it.

It appears that Lie's goal was to understand when can a differential equation have an explicitly written solution, much like Galois theory had done for algebraic equations. Both approaches use symmetry as the key tool.

Every Lie algebra corresponds to a single simply connected Lie group.

The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula basically defines how to map an algebra to the group.

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Example at: Lie Groups, Physics, and Geometry by Robert Gilmore (2008) Chapter 7 "EXPonentiation".

Most commonly refers to: exponential map.

Local symmetries appear to be a synonym to internal symmetry, see description at: Section "Internal and spacetime symmetries".

As mentioned at Quote , local symmetries map to forces in the Standard Model.

Appears to be a synonym for: gauge symmetry.

A local symmetry is a transformation that you apply a different transformation for each point, instead of a single transformation for every point.

TODO what's the point of a local symmetry?

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The Shelter Island Conference, held in 1956, was a significant meeting in the history of the field of nuclear physics and related sciences. Organized by notable scientists, it took place on Shelter Island, New York, and it aimed to discuss scientific and technical aspects of nuclear proliferation and the peaceful uses of atomic energy following World War II. One of the key outcomes of the conference was the establishment of themes around the global impact of nuclear technology, including safety, security, and international cooperation.

"Fang Zhong" can refer to different concepts depending on the context. If you’re referring to traditional Chinese culture, "Fang Zhong" (方钟) might refer to a type of bell used in ancient China, specifically a square-shaped bell. However, without additional context, it's difficult to provide a specific answer. It could also refer to a person, a place, or even a concept in modern Chinese media.

Henriette Elvang is a notable figure in the field of theoretical physics, particularly known for her work in string theory and quantum gravity. She has contributed significantly to understanding various aspects of these complex subjects and has published numerous research papers on related topics. Her work often involves exploring the mathematical frameworks that underlie string theory and its implications for our understanding of fundamental physics.

Gerardo Beni is a prominent figure in computer science, particularly known for his contributions to the field of computer graphics, visualization, and geographic information systems (GIS). His work often focuses on the application of computer technology to solve complex problems in spatial data analysis and representation. Additionally, he has been involved in various research projects and has published numerous papers on topics related to his areas of expertise.

Gianaurelio Cuniberti is a notable physicist known for his work in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology. His research often focuses on quantum phenomena, particularly in condensed matter physics, and he has made significant contributions to the understanding of electrical properties of nanoscale materials.