A **general recursive function** refers to a function that is defined in a way that allows it to call itself (i.e., recursion) as part of its definition. This concept is a fundamental idea in the field of computer science, particularly in the study of algorithms and computability theory. **Key aspects of general recursive functions include**: 1. **Base Case**: Like any recursive function, a general recursive function must have at least one base case that allows the function to terminate.

The atomic form factor, also known as the atomic scattering factor, is a measure used in X-ray and neutron scattering to describe how the scattering intensity varies with the angle of scattering and the wavelength of the incident radiation. It quantifies the contribution of an atom to the scattering process, taking into account the distribution of electrons around the nucleus. In more detail, the atomic form factor is defined as the Fourier transform of the electron density distribution of an atom.

A harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force proportional to the displacement. This concept is fundamental in physics and appears in various contexts, such as mechanics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. ### Key Characteristics of a Harmonic Oscillator: 1. **Restoring Force**: The defining characteristic of a harmonic oscillator is that the force acting on it is linearly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position.

Connectionism is a theoretical framework in cognitive science and artificial intelligence that models mental processes using networks of simple units, often inspired by the way biological neural networks operate in the brain. It emphasizes the connections between these units, which can represent neurons, and how they work together to process information. Key characteristics of connectionism include: 1. **Neural Networks**: Connectionist models are typically built using artificial neural networks (ANNs) that consist of layers of interconnected nodes or "neurons.

USS Halibut (SSGN-587) was a ballistic missile submarine of the United States Navy, and it was the first submarine to be converted from a Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarine into a guided missile submarine (SSGN). Commissioned in 1959, the USS Halibut was designed primarily for the purpose of launching Polaris missiles.

"Ashmyany" refers to an ancient East Slavic term used to describe a certain type of magical or supernatural creature, often depicted as a spirit associated with water bodies, especially lakes and rivers. In folklore, these creatures were usually considered to have a dual nature, being both benevolent and malevolent, and could influence the fate of humans who encountered them. They are commonly associated with themes of danger, such as drowning, but can also be protective of their watery domains.

A bias frame is a type of calibration image used in astrophotography and imaging systems. It captures the electronic noise and offset bias of the camera sensor. Bias frames are created by taking a series of images with the camera's shutter closed, which means no light enters the sensor. The resulting images only record the inherent noise generated by the sensor itself. The primary purpose of bias frames is to correct for this sensor noise in the final images of astronomical objects.

Distributed prime searches refer to the computational process of finding prime numbers using a distributed computing framework. This involves breaking down the task of identifying prime numbers into smaller units of work that can be handled across multiple computers or nodes in a network, which collaboratively contribute to the overall computation. ### Key Aspects of Distributed Prime Searches: 1. **Prime Numbers**: A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

A function of several real variables is a mathematical rule that assigns a real number to an ordered tuple of real numbers.

A Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is an electronic device that measures time intervals with high precision, converting the time difference between two events into a digital value. TDCs are often used in applications where precise timing measurements are crucial, such as in high-energy physics experiments, time-of-flight measurements, LIDAR systems, and digital communications.

Gbcast is a service that provides a platform for broadcasting messages and alerts, typically used for communication in emergency situations, events, or organizational announcements. It can be utilized by various sectors, including educational institutions, businesses, and government agencies, to send real-time alerts to subscribers via different channels such as SMS, email, or mobile apps. The key features of Gbcast often include customizable messaging, options for targeting specific groups, integration with existing systems, and analytics to track engagement and effectiveness.

The Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale (THIS) is a scale used to assess the potential risk that near-Earth objects (NEOs) pose to our planet. Developed to classify the impact hazard associated with asteroids and comets, the scale helps in determining the likelihood and potential consequences of an object's collision with Earth. The Palermo Scale ranges from negative to positive values, with negative values indicating an object has a low probability of impacting Earth and positive values indicating heightened risk.

Investment indicators are metrics or signals that assist investors in evaluating the potential of a particular investment or market. These indicators can be utilized to gauge economic conditions, market trends, and individual asset performance. Here are some common types of investment indicators: 1. **Economic Indicators**: Metrics that signal the overall health of an economy. Examples include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rates, inflation rates, and consumer confidence indices.

The Simple Dietz method is a formula used in finance to calculate the time-weighted rate of return for an investment portfolio. It is particularly useful for measuring performance over a period when there are cash flows (deposits and withdrawals) into or out of the portfolio. The method attributes returns to the average capital invested over a specific period by accounting for the timing and size of these cash flows. Its main advantage is that it does not require detailed tracking of each individual cash flow.

Programming complexity, also known as computational complexity, refers to the resources required for a program to execute, particularly in terms of time and space. Understanding programming complexity is essential in evaluating the efficiency and feasibility of algorithms and software solutions. Here are some key concepts associated with programming complexity: 1. **Time Complexity**: - **Definition**: This measures the amount of time an algorithm takes to complete as a function of the size of the input data.

Systems theory is an interdisciplinary framework that studies complex systems in a holistic manner. It emerged in the mid-20th century and is rooted in both science and philosophy, aiming to understand how parts interact within a whole to produce collective behaviors and properties. ### Key Concepts of Systems Theory: 1. **Holism**: Systems are viewed as wholes rather than just collections of parts. The behavior and properties of a system cannot be fully understood by only analyzing its components in isolation.

Bipolar violation typically refers to a situation in electrical engineering and telecommunications where a signal that is expected to alternate between two distinct states (commonly represented as positive and negative, or high and low) fails to do so appropriately. This can occur in systems using bipolar encoding, where the signal is represented using both positive and negative voltages. In a correctly functioning bipolar system, the signal should alternate between positive and negative voltages in a way that maintains an even distribution of these states.

A **regular number**, also known as a **smooth number** or **5-smooth number**, is defined as a positive integer whose prime factors are limited to a specific set of small prime numbers. Specifically, a regular number is one that has no prime factors larger than a certain value.

E.161 is a standard developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that specifies a numbering scheme for telephone keypads. It defines how to represent alphanumeric characters on the 12-key telephone keypad layout commonly found on mobile phones and other telecommunication devices. In the E.161 scheme, each number key is associated with a set of letters, enabling users to input text through the numeric keypad.