An angle is a geometric figure formed by two rays (or line segments) that have a common endpoint, known as the vertex. The measure of an angle is typically expressed in degrees or radians and represents the amount of rotation required to align one ray with the other. Angles can be classified into several types based on their measure: 1. **Acute Angle**: Less than 90 degrees. 2. **Right Angle**: Exactly 90 degrees.

In geometry, translation refers to a type of transformation that moves every point of a figure or object a constant distance in a specified direction. This motion is uniform, meaning that all points move the same distance and in the same direction, resulting in a shape that is congruent to the original. Key characteristics of translation include: 1. **Vector Representation**: A translation can be represented using a vector, which indicates the direction and distance of the movement.

Glenn T. Seaborg was an American chemist and a key figure in the field of nuclear chemistry. He is best known for his role in the discovery of ten elements in the actinide series, including plutonium, americium, and curium. His research significantly advanced the understanding of transuranium elements and their properties.

Hyman G. Rickover (1900–1986) was a significant figure in the United States Navy and is often referred to as the "Father of the Nuclear Navy." He was instrumental in developing the U.S. Navy's nuclear submarine program, which revolutionized naval warfare. Rickover was an engineer and an admiral who played a key role in the design and construction of the first nuclear-powered submarines, starting with the USS Nautilus, which was launched in 1954.

An alternating permutation is a specific type of permutation of a set of numbers where the elements alternate between being greater than and less than their neighbors.

Pauline Harrison may refer to various individuals, and without specific context, it's difficult to pinpoint exactly who you're referring to. There may be local figures, professionals in various fields, or other notable individuals with that name.

The Boussinesq approximation is a mathematical simplification used in fluid dynamics, particularly in the study of weakly non-linear and dispersive wave phenomena, such as water waves. Named after the French physicist Joseph Boussinesq, this approximation is particularly useful for analyzing the behavior of surface waves in fluids where the amplitude of the waves is small compared to the wavelength.

The Euler–Tricomi equation is a second-order partial differential equation (PDE) that arises in various fields, including fluid dynamics and mathematical physics. It is named after the mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Francesco Tricomi.

Equivalent units are a concept used in cost accounting, particularly in process costing, to measure the work done during a period in terms of fully completed units. Since production processes often involve a mix of complete and incomplete units at the end of an accounting period, equivalent units allow businesses to assign costs more accurately.

Kac's lemma, named after mathematician Mark Kac, is a result in probability theory concerning the expected value of a function of a random variable. It is particularly useful in the context of stochastic processes and the study of Brownian motion.

Józef Zając is a Polish mathematician known for his contributions to various areas of mathematics, including functional analysis and topology. He has been involved in academic research and has published numerous papers in mathematical journals. Zając's work often deals with theoretical aspects of mathematics, and he may also be connected to educational institutions, where he contributes to teaching and mentoring students in the field of mathematics.

The term "Croatian physicists" generally refers to professional physicists who are from Croatia or those who have contributed to the field of physics while associated with Croatian institutions. Croatia has a rich history in science and has produced many notable physicists over the years. Some prominent Croatian physicists include: 1. **Ruđer Bošković** - A polymath from the 18th century, Bošković made significant contributions to various scientific fields, including physics, mathematics, and astronomy.

Particle identification (PID) refers to the techniques and methods used in experimental particle physics and related fields to determine the type of particles produced in a collision or reaction. This is crucial for understanding the fundamental components of matter and the interactions between them. Through various detection technologies and analysis methods, researchers can differentiate between various particles—such as electrons, muons, pions, protons, and heavier particles—based on their unique signatures, characteristics, and behaviors.

David Edward Hughes (1831–1900) was a British-American inventor, engineer, and scientist best known for his contributions to the development of the microphone and other electrical devices. He made significant advancements in acoustics and was involved in various experiments related to telegraphy and telecommunications. One of his notable inventions, the carbon microphone, was a crucial component in the development of early telephone technology. Hughes's work laid the groundwork for further innovations in audio technology and communication.

Leslie H. Martin is a name that may refer to various individuals, but it is most commonly associated with a prominent figure in the study of mathematics and computer science, particularly in the field of operations research and decision-making processes. However, without additional context, it's difficult to pinpoint exactly which Leslie H. Martin you are referring to, as there may be multiple people with that name across different fields.

A permutation is a specific arrangement of a set of items or elements. In mathematics, particularly in combinatorics, permutations refer to the different ways in which a subset of objects can be ordered or arranged. For example, if you have a set of three items, say \( \{A, B, C\} \), the possible permutations of these items are: 1. ABC 2. ACB 3. BAC 4. BCA 5. CAB 6.

The Negative Binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution that models the number of trials needed to achieve a fixed number of successful outcomes (often referred to as "successes"). It is commonly used in scenarios where we are interested in the number of failures that occur before a certain number of successes is achieved. ### Key Characteristics: 1. **Parameters**: The Negative Binomial distribution is defined by two parameters: - \( r \): the number of successes (a positive integer).

The Poisson binomial distribution is a generalization of the binomial distribution. It is used to model the number of successes in a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials, where each trial can have a different probability of success. In contrast, the binomial distribution assumes that each trial has the same probability of success. ### Key Characteristics: 1. **Independent Trials**: The trials are independent of each other.

Envy-free pricing is a concept that originates from the field of fair division, primarily used in economics and game theory. It refers to a pricing mechanism that ensures that no individual prefers the bundle of goods or services allocated to another individual over their own, based on their valuation. In other words, a pricing scheme is considered envy-free if every participant feels satisfied with their allocation and has no desire to exchange their allocation for someone else's.

Charles F. Kettering (1876–1958) was an American inventor, engineer, and business executive notable for his contributions to the automotive industry and to technology as a whole. He was a key figure at General Motors (GM), where he served as the head of research and development. Kettering is best known for inventing the electric starter, which revolutionized the way automobiles were started, eliminating the need for hand cranking. This invention made cars more accessible and user-friendly.