Arcady Zhukov is a name that may refer to multiple subjects, but in the context of popular culture or recent developments, it might not be widely recognized.

"Americana" generally refers to artifacts, traditions, and cultural elements that are characteristic of the United States, encompassing its history, folklore, and popular culture.

Interatomic potential refers to the energy associated with interactions between atoms in a material. It describes how atoms in a substance affect one another through various types of forces, such as ionic, covalent, and van der Waals interactions. These potentials are crucial in computational physics and chemistry, as they allow researchers to model and predict the behavior of materials at the atomic level.

See also: github.com/cirosantilli/awesome-whole-cell-simulation

As of 2019, the silicon industry is ending, and molecular biology technology is one of the most promising and growing field of engineering.

Such advances could one day lead to both biological super-AGI and immortality.

Ciro Santilli is especially excited about DNA-related technologies, because DNA is the centerpiece of biology, and it is programmable.

First, during the 2000's, the cost of DNA sequencing fell to about 1000 USD per genome in the end of the 2010's: Figure 2. "Cost per genome vs Moore's law from 2000 to 2019", largely due to "Illumina's" technology.

The medical consequences of this revolution are still trickling down towards medical applications of 2019, inevitably, but somewhat slowly due to tight privacy control of medical records.

Ciro Santilli predicts that when the 100 dollar mark is reached, every person of the First world will have their genome sequenced, and then medical applications will be closer at hand than ever.

But even 100 dollars is not enough. Sequencing power is like computing power: humankind can never have enough. Sequencing is not a one per person thing. For example, as of 2019 tumors are already being sequenced to help understand and treat them, and scientists/doctors will sequence as many tumor cells as budget allows.

Then, in the 2010's, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing started opening up the way to actually modifying the genome that we could now see through sequencing.

What's next?

Ciro believes that the next step in the revolution could be could be: de novo DNA synthesis.

This technology could be the key to the one of the ultimate dream of biologists: cheap programmable biology with push-button organism bootstrap!

Just imagine this: at the comfort of your own garage, you take some model organism of interest, maybe start humble with Escherichia coli. Then you modify its DNA to your liking, and upload it to a 3D printer sized machine on your workbench, which automatically synthesizes the DNA, and injects into a bootstrapped cell.

You then make experiments to check if the modified cell achieves your desired new properties, e.g. production of some protein, and if not reiterate, just like a software engineer.

Of course, even if we were able to do the bootstrap, the debugging process then becomes key, as visibility is the key limitation of biology, maybe we need other cheap technologies to come in at that point.

This a place point we see the beauty of evolution the brightest: evolution does not require observability. But it also implies that if your changes to the organism make it less fit, then your mutation will also likely be lost. This has to be one of the considerations done when designing your organism.

Other cool topic include:

It's weird, cells feel a lot like embedded systems: small, complex, hard to observe, and profound.

Ciro is sad that by the time he dies, humanity won't have understood the human brain, maybe not even a measly Escherichia coli... Heck, even key molecular biology events are not yet fully understood, see e.g. transcription regulation.

One of the most exciting aspects of molecular biology technologies is their relatively low entry cost, compared for example to other areas such as fusion energy and quantum computing.

An X-ray machine is a medical imaging device that utilizes X-rays to create images of the inside of the body. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light but with much higher energy. The machine operates by directing X-ray beams towards the body, and as the rays pass through, they are absorbed in varying degrees by different tissues based on their density.

Ciro once told a friend that his ideal life would be to "just chill out and eat his bread in peace" (while also learning and teaching the sciences). Quote "Omar Khayyam's chill out quote" comes to mind. See also: Ciro Santilli's cheapness.

Treble voice typically refers to a high-pitched vocal range, often associated with children or female singers. In choral music, a treble voice is usually indicative of the higher parts sung by sopranos or treble singers, who generally sing notes above middle C on the piano (C4) and can extend up to E5 or higher.

A saddle point is a point on the surface of a graph where the slope (or derivative) is zero in multiple dimensions, but is not a local extremum (i.e., not a local maximum or minimum). It occurs in both single-variable and multivariable calculus, although the characteristics can differ slightly based on the context.

"Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology" refers to the use of statistical methods and models to analyze data generated from genetic and molecular biology research. This field combines principles from statistics, genetics, and bioinformatics to address various research questions and challenges in understanding biological processes at the molecular level.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there isn't a widely recognized scientist named Susan Lea in prominent scientific literature or discussions. However, it's possible that she could be a researcher in a specific field that hasn't gained widespread fame or visibility, or she may have gained prominence after my last update.

Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab is a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody used primarily in the field of nuclear medicine for imaging purposes. It is designed to target specific antigens in order to visualize certain types of tissues or tumors in the body, particularly in the context of cancer diagnostics. Here’s a breakdown of its components: 1. **Technetium (99mTc)**: This is a radioactive isotope of technetium that emits gamma rays.

A flick is a unit of time defined as \(10^{−15}\) seconds, or one femtosecond. It is part of a metric system often used in physics and engineering to measure extremely short durations, particularly in the context of phenomena occurring on a molecular or atomic scale.

Stereoselectivity refers to the preference of a chemical reaction to produce one stereoisomer over another when multiple stereoisomers are possible. Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of those atoms in space.

General Electric (GE) is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1892 through the merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston Electric Company, GE has a long history in various sectors, including energy, healthcare, aviation, and manufacturing. The company operates through several business segments: 1. **Aviation**: GE Aviation manufactures jet engines and provides related services. It's one of the world's largest suppliers of jet engines for commercial and military aircraft.

Béla Juhos is a Hungarian name, and it might refer to various individuals depending on the context, such as a historical figure, artist, or contemporary person. However, as of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized or prominent individual by that name in popular culture, politics, or academia. If you have a specific context or field in mind (e.g.

A signed measure is a generalization of the concept of a measure, which is a mathematical tool used to assign a size or volume to subsets of a given space, particularly in the context of measure theory. While a traditional measure assigns a non-negative value to subsets, a signed measure allows for the assignment of both positive and negative values.

Emil Wiechert (1861–1928) was a German geophysicist and seismologist best known for his contributions to the understanding of the Earth's internal structure. He is particularly recognized for developing the Wiechert Earth model, which was influential in the study of seismic waves and the Earth's layers. Wiechert's work helped lay the foundation for modern seismology and our understanding of earthquakes and the behavior of seismic waves as they travel through the Earth's interior.

A list of reviews of such systems is maintained at:

This is the class of existing software the perhaps comes the closest to OurBigBook, in particular systems such as:

While we believe that OurBigBook can hold its own against most of them as a personal knowledge base, there is one feature which we believe truly distinguishes OurBigBook from all others in a big way: trustless mind meld with the OurBigBook topic feature, which no other system seems to have.

Many such systems are also no publishing focused enough, and are more focused only in maintaining people's private knowledge bases. Some of them don't even have publishing at all, or its complicated. While publishing is optional in OurBigBook, it is a crucial feature and extremely well supported.

Subalternation is a concept that originates from the field of logic, particularly in the study of syllogistics, but it has also been adopted in other areas, such as philosophy and postcolonial studies. In logic, subalternation refers to the relationship between universal and particular propositions. Specifically, if a universal affirmative statement (like "All S are P") is true, then the corresponding particular affirmative statement (like "Some S are P") must also be true.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, "Josh Fisher" could refer to several individuals, as it's a fairly common name. Without specific context, it's hard to determine which Josh Fisher you might be referring to. He could be someone notable in various fields such as sports, entertainment, academia, or even a private individual. If you provide more context about who Josh Fisher is or the area of interest (e.g., sports, media, etc.