A decrement table is a tool used in finance and actuarial science, typically in the context of insurance and pension calculations. It represents a structured way to show the values of future cash flows or benefits that decrease over time, often reflecting the impact of mortality, disability, or other factors that reduce cash flows.

Defensive expenditures refer to the costs incurred by individuals, businesses, or governments to protect against potential threats, risks, or losses. These expenditures are aimed at preventing harm or damage rather than generating profit or utility. Defensive expenditures can take various forms, such as: 1. **Security Costs**: Spending on security personnel, surveillance systems, alarms, and physical barriers to protect property and assets from theft, vandalism, or other criminal activities.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DxlkxA82FM COVID-19 Symposium: Entry of Coronavirus into Cells | Dr. Paul Bates

Interaction points:

Embedded value (EV) is a financial metric used primarily in the insurance industry, particularly for life insurance companies, to assess the economic value of the business. It represents the total value of an insurance company's existing business and provides insight into the long-term profitability of its operations.

An Enrolled Actuary (EA) is a professional who has been authorized by the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries to perform actuarial services for pension plans in the United States. The designation is specifically relevant in the context of federal pension law, primarily under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) and subsequent legislation.

The Esscher transform is a mathematical transformation used in the field of probability theory, particularly in the context of risk theory and actuarial science. It is named after the Swedish mathematician Karl Esscher. The transform is useful for adjusting probability distributions to account for different risk preferences, particularly in the setting of insurance and finance. The Esscher transform modifies the probability measure of a random variable in a way that shifts the expectation of the distribution.

Protease that cuts up ORF1ab. Note that it is also present in ORF1ab.

European Embedded Value (EEV) is a financial metric used primarily in the insurance industry to assess the value of an insurance company's business. It provides a measure of the profitability of the future cash flows generated by the company’s existing insurance policies, adjusted for risks and costs. EEV aims to give a more comprehensive view of an insurer's value than traditional accounting methods, as it focuses not only on the current profitability but also on the potential future earnings.

Extreme value theory (EVT) is a statistical field that focuses on the analysis and modeling of extreme deviations or rare events in a dataset. It is primarily concerned with understanding the behavior of maximum and minimum values in datasets, especially under the assumption that the data follows some underlying distribution.

A Financial Condition Report (FCR) is a document often used by organizations, particularly in the finance and insurance sectors, to assess and communicate the overall financial health of a business or investment. The FCR examines various financial metrics and indicators to provide an overview of an entity's financial performance, stability, and operational efficiency.

CAUCE is an acronym that can refer to various organizations or concepts, but one notable usage is related to the "Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email." This organization was formed to address issues related to spam and promote legislation aimed at curbing unsolicited emails.

Financial models that incorporate long-tailed distributions and volatility clustering are designed to better capture the complexities and dynamics of financial time series data. Let's break down these concepts: ### Long-Tailed Distributions 1. **Definition**: A long-tailed distribution is a probability distribution that features a large number of occurrences far from the "head" of the distribution (i.e., the high-probability region).

The force of mortality, often denoted by the symbol \( \mu(x) \), is a concept in actuarial science and demography that describes the instantaneous rate of mortality or the hazard function at a given age \( x \). It measures the likelihood that an individual at age \( x \) will die in an infinitesimally small interval of time, given that they have survived up to that age.

In actuarial science, "future interests" typically refers to the expected future values or cash flows that will be received or paid at a specific time in the future. This concept is essential for assessing the financial implications of insurance policies, pensions, investments, and other financial commitments.

General insurance refers to a category of insurance that provides coverage for various types of risks and losses, excluding life insurance. It primarily encompasses policies that protect individuals and businesses against financial losses resulting from unexpected events. General insurance types typically include: 1. **Property Insurance**: Covers damage to or loss of physical property, such as home insurance, renters insurance, and commercial property insurance. 2. **Liability Insurance**: Protects against claims of negligence, injury, or damage to third parties.

Run output is placed under out/:

Some of the output data is stored as .cpickle files. To observe those files, you need the original Python classes, and therefore you have to be inside Docker, from the host it won't work.

We can list all the plots that have been produced under out/ withPlots are also available in SVG and PDF formats, e.g.:

The output directory has a hierarchical structure of type:where:

We also understand that some of the top level directories contain summaries over all cells, e.g. the massFractionSummary.pdf plot exists at several levels of the hierarchy:

Each of thoes four levels of plotOut is generated by a different one of the analysis scripts:

Most important things to know:

The Gompertz distribution is a continuous probability distribution often used to model the time until an event occurs, particularly in survival analysis and reliability engineering. It is characterized by a cumulative distribution function (CDF) that describes the likelihood of the time until an event, such as failure or death, occurs.

Hattendorff's theorem is a result in queuing theory that pertains to the analysis of single-server queues, particularly those that follow a Markovian arrival process and service time distribution. The theorem deals with the expected waiting time in the queue and helps to determine both the average number of customers in the queue and the average time a customer spends in the system.

IFRS 17, or International Financial Reporting Standards 17, is a standard issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of insurance contracts. It came into effect on January 1, 2023, replacing the previous standard, IFRS 4, which allowed a wide variety of approaches to insurance contract accounting.