Women mathematicians have made significant contributions to the field of mathematics across various nationalities. Here is a list of some notable women mathematicians categorized by their nationality: ### United States - **Mary Cartwright**: Known for her work in nonlinear differential equations and chaos theory. - **Julia Robinson**: Contributed to decision problems and the theory of computability. - **Karen Uhlenbeck**: Recognized for her work in geometric analysis and gauge theory.

"Open security" is a term that can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context, primarily in technology and cybersecurity. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Open Source Security**: This aspect refers to the use and development of security software and protocols that are openly available for public use, modification, and distribution. The idea is that by being open source, the code can be examined, improved, and scrutinized by anyone, leading to potentially stronger security through community collaboration.

The term "Empyrean" can have a few different meanings depending on the context: 1. **Astronomy and Cosmology**: In ancient and medieval cosmology, the Empyrean was considered the highest heaven, where the pure essence of God resides. It was thought to be a place of perfect light and the ultimate abode of the divine, beyond the physical universe and beyond the spheres of the celestial bodies.

The term "solstice" refers to two specific points in the year when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, resulting in the longest and shortest days of the year. These events occur twice a year: 1. **Summer Solstice**: This occurs around June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere and marks the longest day of the year, when the sun is at its highest point. In the Southern Hemisphere, this date corresponds to the winter solstice.

Stegomalware is a type of malicious software that uses steganography to conceal its presence within other files or data. Steganography is the practice of hiding messages or information within other seemingly innocuous content, such as images, audio files, or documents, making it difficult for traditional security measures to detect. In the context of stegomalware, the malware is embedded within a legitimate-looking file, often disguising itself in plain sight.

Mike Irwin may refer to different individuals, and the context of your question could determine which one you are referring to. One prominent Mike Irwin is known as a former American football player, specifically a linebacker who played in the NFL. Another is a former head coach for several college football teams. Additionally, Mike Irwin can also refer to a journalist or sportscaster, or it might be a name associated with various other professions.

A Schmitt trigger is an electronic circuit that acts as a bistable multivibrator and is designed to provide a clean switching action with hysteresis. It is commonly used to convert an analog input signal into a digital output signal. The key characteristics of a Schmitt trigger include: 1. **Hysteresis**: This means that the output state switches at different input voltage levels for rising and falling input signals.

Ferroelectric materials are a class of dielectric materials that exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. This polarization occurs even in the absence of an external electric field, meaning that ferroelectric materials have a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure, allowing for the alignment of electric dipoles within the material.

As of my last update in October 2023, RAMI typically refers to different concepts depending on the context. However, if you are referring to "RAMI" by J.M.K., it is not clear what specific entity or concept you are inquiring about. The term "RAMI" might refer to the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0), which is a standard framework for the digitalization of manufacturing processes.

Corgi Classics is a brand known for producing die-cast model vehicles, particularly focused on classic cars, trucks, and other modes of transportation. The brand gained popularity for its detailed and collectible models, which often feature vehicles from historical periods, famous films, or iconic designs. Corgi Classics is a part of the Corgi brand, which has a long history dating back to the 1950s when it was founded in the UK.

Viacheslav V. Nikulin is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly known for his contributions to mathematical logic and related areas.

A Fock state, also known as a "number state," is a specific type of quantum state in quantum mechanics that represents a definite number of particles or excitations in a given system. The concept is particularly relevant in the context of quantum field theory and quantum optics, where it is used to describe states of bosonic fields, such as photons in a mode of a laser or phonons in a condensed matter system.

Quaternary Europe refers to the period of the Quaternary geological time scale in the context of Europe, which began approximately 2.6 million years ago and continues to the present day. The Quaternary is divided into two major epochs: the Pleistocene and the Holocene. 1. **Pleistocene Epoch (about 2.

A seam is a unit of length used in the textile industry, primarily for measuring the length of fabric used in sewing garments. It is specifically defined as being equal to 1/3 of a yard, or approximately 30.48 centimeters. However, it's worth noting that the term "seam" is more commonly understood in the context of a construction method for joining two pieces of fabric together rather than as a formal unit of measure.

The Balaban 11-cage is a type of graph that is part of a family of structures known as cage graphs. Cages are defined as regular graphs that have the smallest possible number of edges for a given number of vertices and girth (the length of the shortest cycle in the graph). Specifically, the Balaban 11-cage is an (11, 3)-cage, meaning it has 11 vertices and a girth of 3.

The Pappus graph is a specific type of cubic graph that has a number of interesting properties in the field of graph theory. It is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pappus of Alexandria. Here are some key characteristics of the Pappus graph: - **Vertices and Edges**: The Pappus graph has 18 vertices and 27 edges. - **Cubic Graph**: It is a cubic graph, meaning that each vertex has a degree of 3.

"Trofeu" is a Portuguese word that translates to "trophy" in English. It typically refers to an award or recognition given to celebrate achievement, often in the context of sports or competitions. In a broader sense, "trofeu" can also signify any prize or accolade awarded for excellence in various fields.

"Discoveries" by Jaroslav Květoň is a work that delves into philosophical themes and potentially explores concepts related to discovery itself, whether in a scientific, personal, or metaphorical sense. However, specific details about the book, such as its main themes, arguments, or reception, may not be widely documented in mainstream sources as of my last update in October 2023.

Malcolm C. Smith is not a widely recognized figure or entity in popular culture, literature, or current events as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. If he is a specific person, it is possible that he may be a private individual, a professional in a specialized field, or someone who has gained prominence after my last update. If you provide more context or specify the area of interest related to Malcolm C.

Modus tollens is a valid form of logical reasoning that can be summarized as follows: If we have two statements: 1. If \( P \) then \( Q \) (this is a conditional statement). 2. Not \( Q \) (the negation of the second part of the conditional). From these two statements, we can conclude: 3. Therefore, not \( P \) (the negation of the first part of the conditional).