Artificial life (often abbreviated as ALife) is a field of study and research that investigates the synthesis and simulation of life-like behaviors and systems using artificial means, primarily through computer simulations, robotics, and biochemical methods. The main objectives of artificial life are to understand the fundamental properties of life, the mechanisms that give rise to living systems, and to create systems that exhibit lifelike characteristics.

Numerical climate and weather models are mathematical models that use numerical methods and computer algorithms to simulate and predict the behavior of the atmosphere, oceans, and other components of the Earth's climate system. These models are essential for understanding weather patterns, climate change, and forecasting future climate scenarios.

BioLinux is a specialized Linux distribution designed primarily for bioinformatics and computational biology. It provides a comprehensive set of tools, software, and libraries that are particularly useful for researchers in the life sciences, such as genomics, proteomics, and other areas of biological research.

Continuous simulation refers to a modeling approach used in various fields, such as engineering, finance, operations research, and environmental science, where systems change continuously over time. Unlike discrete simulation, which models systems where changes occur at distinct intervals or steps, continuous simulation represents changes that occur in a smooth, dynamic fashion. ### Key Characteristics of Continuous Simulation: 1. **Continuous Time**: In continuous simulation, time is treated as a continuous variable.

Guided analytics refers to a data analytics approach that provides users with structured paths or workflows to explore and analyze data. This method often incorporates various visual aids, recommendations, and step-by-step navigation that help users, particularly those with less technical expertise, to derive insights from data effectively. Guided analytics aims to make the data analysis process more intuitive and accessible.

An Automated Trading System (ATS) refers to a technology-based trading platform that executes trades in financial markets automatically based on pre-defined criteria. These systems can utilize algorithms, complex mathematical models, and pre-set rules to make trading decisions without human intervention. Here are some key components and features of an automated trading system: 1. **Algorithmic Trading**: ATS uses algorithms to analyze market data, identify trading opportunities, and execute trades.

An automorphism of a Lie algebra is a specific type of isomorphism that is defined within the context of Lie algebras. To be more precise, consider a Lie algebra \( \mathfrak{g} \) over a field (commonly the field of real or complex numbers).

BioSimGrid is a bioinformatics infrastructure that focuses on providing a platform for the storage, sharing, and analysis of biological simulation data. It facilitates the management of large datasets generated from various biological simulations, including molecular dynamics simulations and other computational biology applications. Key features of BioSimGrid may include: 1. **Data Storage**: It offers a structured way to store simulation data, making it easy for researchers to access and retrieve large datasets.

"Awake, My Soul: The Story of the Sacred Harp" is a documentary film that explores the traditions and cultural significance of Sacred Harp singing, a unique form of American choral music shaped by community and spiritual expression. The film delves into the history of Sacred Harp music, which dates back to the early 19th century and is characterized by its four-part harmony sung in a shape-note system.

Axiom A is a concept in dynamical systems introduced by mathematician Stephen Smale in the 1960s. It describes a class of systems that have certain hyperbolic properties, which means they exhibit chaotic behavior yet retain a structured dynamic. More specifically, Axiom A refers to a dynamical system where: 1. The system's phase space can be decomposed into an unstable manifold and stable manifold, making it possible to analyze orbits and their behavior under iteration.

The Axiom of Choice (AC) is a fundamental principle in set theory and mathematics. It states that given a collection of non-empty sets, it is possible to select exactly one element from each set, even if there is no explicit rule for making the selection.

The axioms of set theory are foundational principles that provide a formal framework for understanding sets and their properties. Set theory is a branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which are essentially collections of objects. The most commonly used axioms in set theory are part of the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF), often supplemented by the Axiom of Choice (ZFC).

Babylonian astronomy refers to the astronomical practices and knowledge developed by the ancient Babylonians, particularly during the first millennium BCE, in the region of Mesopotamia. The Babylonians, drawing on earlier Sumerian knowledge, made significant contributions to the field of astronomy, which had both practical and theoretical aspects.

Background radiation refers to the ionizing radiation that is present in the environment, originating from natural and artificial sources. It exists everywhere and is constantly present in varying levels, regardless of human activity.

Teramac refers to a variety of technologies and contexts, but it is often associated with a specific line of products or systems related to telecommunications and electronics.

Digital topology is a branch of topology that deals with the properties and structures of digital images, particularly in the context of discrete spaces. Digital topology aims to extend classical topological concepts to digital representations, which are typically composed of pixel grids or voxel volumes in two or three dimensions, respectively. Key aspects of digital topology include: 1. **Discretization**: In digital spaces, points are represented by discrete elements (e.g.

The 42nd meridian west is a line of longitude that is located 42 degrees west of the Prime Meridian. It runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. This meridian passes through several countries and regions, including parts of the eastern United States, the Atlantic Ocean, and the southern parts of South America. Geographically, it serves as an arbitrary line for navigation and mapping, dividing the Earth into eastern and western hemispheres along with all other meridians.

Geometric and Topological Inference are branches of computational mathematics that utilize concepts from geometry and topology to analyze and interpret data. They are particularly relevant in situations where the underlying structure of the data is complex and not easily captured by traditional statistical methods. ### Geometric Inference Geometric inference is concerned with the extraction of geometric properties from data. This includes understanding shapes, forms, and spatial relationships within data points.

Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is a formal system used in spatial reasoning and knowledge representation. It was developed in the context of qualitative spatial reasoning, which deals with understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships without relying on precise numerical coordinates or metrics. ### Key Concepts of RCC: 1. **Regions:** The fundamental units of RCC are regions, which can represent any spatial object or area in a given context, such as geographical areas, rooms in a building, etc.