As of my last update in October 2023, Jacek Jędruch does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure, academic, or significant personality in popular culture, history, or any other field. It’s possible that he may be a local figure, professional, or a person who gained prominence after that time, or he could simply be an individual with limited public visibility.
Mario P. Fiori is a name that may refer to individuals involved in various professional fields, but there is no widely known or prominent figure by that name in popular culture, science, or sports as of my last update in October 2023.
Ralph Izzo is an American businessman known primarily for his role in the energy sector. He serves as the chairman, president, and CEO of Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG), a publicly traded energy company based in New Jersey. Under his leadership, PSEG has focused on clean energy initiatives, sustainability, and advancements in technology to meet the evolving needs of energy generation and distribution. Izzo has a background in engineering and business, which has contributed to his strategic vision for PSEG.
American astrophysicists are scientists in the United States who study the physical properties and underlying processes of celestial objects and phenomena. Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy that applies the principles of physics and chemistry to understand stars, galaxies, black holes, the interstellar medium, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the universe as a whole. American astrophysicists work in various settings, including universities, government research institutions, and private organizations.
Beverley Taylor is not widely recognized as a specific term or entity as of my last update. It's possible that it could refer to a person, perhaps someone notable in a particular field, or it might be related to a specific context that isn't well-documented in mainstream sources.
Shock compression of condensed matter refers to the behavior of materials when subjected to high-pressure shock waves, typically generated by explosive detonations, impacts, or other rapid compression events. This phenomenon is crucial in various fields, including materials science, astrophysics, and planetary science, to understand the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme conditions. ### Key Aspects of Shock Compression: 1. **Shock Waves**: These are abrupt changes in pressure, temperature, and density traveling through a medium.
American geophysicists are scientists who study the physical processes and properties of the Earth using principles of physics. They may focus on various aspects of the Earth, including its structure, dynamics, magnetic and gravitational fields, and seismic activities. Geophysicists use techniques and tools such as seismic data analysis, satellite measurements, and computer modeling to investigate the Earth's interior and surface processes, contributing to our understanding of natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic activity, and climate change.
The term "American physicists by state" could refer to the distribution of physicists across different states in the United States. While there is no comprehensive public database that lists all physicists by state, we can generally infer that states with major research institutions, universities, and technological industries tend to have larger populations of physicists.
If Ciro Santilli were to write a book about quantum mechanics as of 2020 (before OurBigBook.com went live), he would upload an OurBigBook Markup website to GitHub Pages.
But there is one major problem with that: the entry barrier for new contributors is very large.
If they submit a pull request, Ciro has to review it, otherwise, no one will ever see it.
Our amazing website would allow the reader to add his own example of, say, The uncertainty principle, whenever they wants, under the appropriate section.
Then, people who want to learn more about it, would click on the "defined tag" by the article, and our amazing analytics would point them to the best such articles.
The Erdős–Bacon number is a playful and informal concept that combines the Erdős number, named after the mathematician Paul Erdős, and the Bacon number, named after actor Kevin Bacon. 1. **Erdős Number**: This number measures the "collaborative distance" between a mathematician and Paul Erdős based on co-authored mathematical papers. If a mathematician has co-authored a paper with Erdős, their Erdős number is 1.
The Morphy number is a concept in the field of chess, specifically related to the analysis and evaluation of chess positions. It is named after the famous 19th-century American chess player Paul Morphy, known for his tactical prowess and ability to capitalize on the weaknesses of his opponents. The Morphy number measures the effectiveness of a piece's placement and its ability to contribute to a player's position.
In this project Ciro Santilli extracted (almost) all Git commit emails from GitHub with Google BigQuery! The repo was later taken down by GitHub. Newbs, censoring publicly available data!
Ciro also created a beautifully named variant with one email per commit: github.com/cirosantilli/imagine-all-the-people. True art. It also had the effect of breaking this "what's my first commit tracker": twitter.com/NachoSoto/status/1761873362706698469
Figure 1.
GitHub Archive query showing hashed emails
. It was Ciro Santilli that made them hash the emails. They weren't hashed before he published the emails publicly.
Figure 2.
All GitHub Commit Emails repo before takedown
. Screenshot from archive.is.
Pavle Savić could refer to a specific individual, and without more context, it's difficult to provide a precise answer. There might be several notable individuals with that name.
Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is a fundamental result in optimal control theory that provides necessary conditions for optimality in control problems. Formulated by the Soviet mathematician Lev Pontryagin in the 1950s, the principle is applied when aiming to maximize (or minimize) a given performance criterion over a system described by a set of differential equations.
Adaptive Coordinate Descent (ACD) is an optimization algorithm that is used to minimize a loss function in high-dimensional spaces. It is a variant of the coordinate descent method that incorporates adaptive features to improve performance, particularly in situations where the gradients can vary significantly in scale and direction.
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are a class of optimization algorithms inspired by the principles of natural evolution and selection. These algorithms are used to solve complex optimization problems by iteratively improving a population of candidate solutions based on ideas borrowed from biological evolution, such as selection, crossover (recombination), and mutation. ### Key Components of Evolutionary Algorithms 1. **Population**: A set of candidate solutions to the optimization problem.
Evolutionary programming (EP) is a type of evolutionary algorithm that is inspired by the process of natural evolution. It is a method used for solving optimization problems by mimicking the mechanisms of biological evolution, such as selection, mutation, and reproduction. The key characteristics and components of evolutionary programming include: 1. **Population**: EP operates on a population of candidate solutions (individuals). Each individual represents a potential solution to the optimization problem.
Basin-hopping is a global optimization technique used to find the minimum of a function that may have many local minima. It is particularly useful for problems where the objective function is complex, non-convex, or high-dimensional. The method combines two key components: local minimization and random sampling. Here's a brief overview of how basin-hopping works: 1. **Initial Guess**: The algorithm starts with an initial point in the search space.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact