"An Open Letter to Hobbyists" is often a call to action or a message directed towards hobbyists in various fields, encouraging them to reflect on their passions, ethics, and practices. While the specifics of such a letter can vary widely depending on the context and audience, common themes may include: 1. **Encouragement**: Acknowledging the joy and creativity that hobbies bring to individuals and communities.

Windows 10, version 1511, also known as the November Update or Threshold 2, is the first significant update for Windows 10, released in November 2015. This update followed the original launch of Windows 10 in July 2015 and brought several new features, improvements, and bug fixes aimed at enhancing the user experience.

Windows 10, version 1903, also known as the May 2019 Update, is a significant feature update for Microsoft's Windows 10 operating system. It was officially released to the public on May 21, 2019. This update introduced several new features, improvements, and optimizations to enhance user experience and system performance.

Windows 3.1x refers to a series of graphical operating environments produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows 3.x family, which were released in the early 1990s. The most notable versions include Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11, and Windows 3.2. ### Key Features of Windows 3.1x: 1. **Graphical User Interface (GUI)**: Windows 3.

Defunct transport organizations are companies or entities that once provided transportation services but are no longer operational. This can encompass various modes of transport, including railways, airlines, shipping lines, bus companies, and other logistics providers. Reasons for a transport organization becoming defunct can include: 1. **Bankruptcy or Financial Issues**: Many transport organizations fail due to financial mismanagement, increasing operational costs, or failing to adapt to market changes.

Gas laws are a set of scientific principles that describe the behavior of gases under various conditions of temperature, pressure, and volume. They are essential for understanding the physical properties of gases and can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases. Here are some of the fundamental gas laws: 1. **Boyle's Law**: This law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

Disused tunnels refer to tunnels that were previously used for various purposes—such as transportation (for trains, cars, or subways), utilities (for water or sewage), or even military uses—but are no longer in active service. These tunnels may be abandoned due to a variety of reasons, including but not limited to: 1. **Infrastructure Changes**: Upgrades or changes in transportation routes can render old tunnels obsolete.

The history of transport in a city can vary significantly depending on its geographical location, population growth, technological developments, and economic activities. Here’s a broad overview of how transport has evolved in some key global cities: ### 1. **London** - **Early Transport**: In the early days, transport relied heavily on walking and horse-drawn carriages. The River Thames was a major conduit for goods and people.

Transport museums are specialized institutions that focus on preserving, showcasing, and educating the public about various forms of transportation. These can include road vehicles (cars, trucks, buses), rail transport (locomotives, trains), maritime transport (ships, boats), and aviation (aircraft). The primary functions of transport museums include: 1. **Collection and Preservation**: Museums acquire and maintain historical vehicles and artifacts. This involves restoration and conservation efforts to ensure the items remain in good condition.

"Transport timelines" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context. Here are a couple of interpretations: 1. **Logistics and Supply Chain Management**: In this context, transport timelines refer to the scheduling and planning of the movement of goods from one location to another. This includes the timeframes for shipping, delivery deadlines, and transit times. Companies often create transport timelines to optimize logistics, improve efficiency, and meet customer expectations.

The history of auto racing is a fascinating journey that reflects the evolution of both technology and sport. Here’s an overview of its key developments: ### 1. **Early Beginnings (1890s)** - Auto racing can trace its roots back to the late 19th century, shortly after the invention of the automobile. - The first recorded race took place in France in 1894, organized by a Parisian newspaper.

The history of Eastern role-playing video games (RPGs) is a rich and diverse narrative that has evolved primarily in Japan, but also includes significant contributions from Korea and China. Here’s an overview of key developments in the genre: ### 1. Early Beginnings (1980s) - **1980s: Foundational Years** - Eastern RPGs can trace their roots back to the early 1980s.

Conflict-of-interest (COI) editing on Wikipedia refers to the situation where individuals edit articles about themselves, their organizations, or topics in which they have a personal stake or significant interest. This is considered problematic because it can lead to biased or unethical edits that do not adhere to Wikipedia's principles of neutrality and verifiability. Wikipedia encourages editors to disclose their conflicts of interest, rather than editing from a biased perspective.

Wikimedia censorship in mainland China refers to the restrictions imposed by the Chinese government on access to Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. This censorship is part of the broader internet censorship regime in China, commonly referred to as the "Great Firewall." Here are some key points about Wikimedia censorship in mainland China: 1. **Blocking of Sites**: Wikipedia, along with other Wikimedia projects, has been intermittently blocked in China.

An H II region is a large cloud of gas and dust in space that is ionized by the radiation from young, hot stars. The term "H II" refers to the presence of hydrogen ions (protons) in the region.

The Hillsborough disaster refers to a tragic event that occurred on April 15, 1989, at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England. It was a human crush during an FA Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, resulting in the deaths of 97 Liverpool supporters and injuries to hundreds of others. The disaster is one of the worst sporting tragedies in British history.

MediaWiki is a free and open-source wiki software platform developed primarily for Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. It is written in PHP and uses a MySQL or MariaDB database to store its content. MediaWiki is designed to facilitate the collaborative creation and editing of content, allowing multiple users to create and modify pages easily. Key features of MediaWiki include: 1. **Version Control**: It keeps track of changes made to pages, allowing users to view and revert to previous versions if necessary.

Emergent evolution is a concept in evolutionary biology and philosophy that refers to the idea that new and complex forms of life or emergent properties can arise from simpler systems through evolutionary processes. This concept suggests that the whole is more than just the sum of its parts, and that certain properties or behaviors cannot be easily predicted by examining the individual components alone.

An icemaker, or ice maker, is a device that produces ice, either in a refrigerator or as a standalone appliance. There are several types of icemakers: 1. **Built-in Ice Makers**: These are often integrated into refrigerators or freezers. They can produce ice automatically and store it in a dedicated bin. They usually use a water line connected to the household plumbing.

An air ionizer is a device that uses high-voltage electricity to produce negative ions, which are molecules that have gained an extra electron. These negative ions can attach to positively charged particles in the air, such as dust, pollen, smoke, and other pollutants, causing them to clump together and fall to the ground or be attracted to surfaces. The primary purpose of an air ionizer is to improve indoor air quality by reducing airborne contaminants.