The term "164 mm artillery" typically refers to a type of artillery weapon with a caliber of 164 millimeters. However, it's worth noting that there isn't a widely known or standard artillery caliber of exactly 164 mm. Artillery calibers typically include common measurements such as 105 mm, 155 mm, and 203 mm (which corresponds to 6 inches).

The 169th meridian west is a line of longitude that is located 169 degrees west of the Prime Meridian. It runs north-south from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Sea, and parts of Alaska. Specifically, it passes through the Aleutian Islands, which are part of the state of Alaska, and continues into the Pacific Ocean.

The number 187 can refer to multiple things depending on the context. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Mathematics**: 187 is a natural number following 186 and preceding 188. It is an odd number and can be factored into prime numbers as \( 11 \times 17 \).

Fulgurex is a manufacturer known for producing high-quality model trains and railway accessories, specifically in the scale of H0 (1:87) and 0 (1:43). The company is recognized for its detailed craftsmanship and innovative designs, often focusing on both locomotives and rolling stock. Fulgurex typically offers a range of products that appeal to both collectors and hobbyists, and they often incorporate advanced technology in their models, such as digital sound and lighting effects.

A plano-convex ingot is a type of optical element that has one flat (plane) surface and one convex (curved) surface. This shape is typically used in the fabrication of lenses, particularly in optics where the plano-convex lens design is common. **Characteristics of Plano-Convex Ingots:** 1. **Shape**: The plano side is flat, while the convex side has a portion of a sphere shape. This geometry helps in focusing or diverging light.

The 18th century in Lithuania was a period of limited mathematical development when compared to Western Europe, primarily due to the political turmoil and the partitions of the country. However, some notable figures contributed to the mathematical landscape during this time. One significant mathematician from this era was **Marcin Kromer**, who, though primarily known for his work in astronomy and philosophy, also engaged with mathematical concepts.

The 1% rule is a guideline often used by real estate investors to quickly evaluate potential investment properties. It suggests that the monthly rental income of a property should be at least 1% of the purchase price to be considered a good investment. For example, if a property costs $200,000, it should generate at least $2,000 in monthly rental income (1% of $200,000) to meet the rule of thumb.

The 2000 Webby Awards were the 4th annual awards honoring excellence on the internet. Established by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences (IADAS), the Webby Awards recognize outstanding websites, online advertising, and other internet-related content across various categories. Winners are selected based on their creativity, originality, and functionality, and they include categories such as Best Homepage, Best Activism Site, and Best Music Site, among many others.

The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a significant military confrontation between India and Pakistan that escalated tensions in the region, primarily following a terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament in December 2001.

The 2011 Italian referendums were a series of referendums held in Italy on June 12 and 13, 2011. There were four questions presented to voters, primarily addressing issues related to water privatization, nuclear energy, and judicial reforms. 1. **Water Services**: The first two referendums focused on the privatization of water services.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) is a standard measurement used to assess the workload of employees and compare it to full-time hours. It is commonly used in various contexts, including workforce planning, budgeting, and reporting in organizations. The concept allows organizations to express their employee workloads in a more standardized manner, particularly when dealing with part-time and full-time employees.

The 2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy arose from the implementation of a grading system during the COVID-19 pandemic when schools were closed. As traditional examinations like the GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and A-levels (Advanced Level) could not be held, the UK government and exam boards developed an algorithm to assign grades based on a combination of teacher predictions, historical school performance, and other metrics.

The number 208 is an integer that follows 207 and precedes 209. It can be broken down into various mathematical representations: 1. **Basic Properties**: - It is an even number. - It is a composite number (meaning it has divisors other than 1 and itself).

The 20th century saw a number of prominent Hungarian mathematicians who made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are a few notable figures: 1. **László Lovász** (b. 1939) - A prominent combinatorialist, Lovász made significant contributions to graph theory, combinatorial optimization, and the theory of random walks on graphs. He has also worked on algorithm design and complexity.

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a type of optimization algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of ants. It was introduced by Marco Dorigo in the early 1990s as a part of his research on artificial intelligence and swarm intelligence. ACO is particularly well-suited for solving combinatorial optimization problems, such as the traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing, and various scheduling issues. ### Key Concepts of Ant Colony Optimization 1.

The "praise sandwich" is a feedback technique often used in management and communication to provide constructive criticism in a way that is more palatable to the recipient. The method involves structuring feedback in three parts: 1. **Praise**: Start by acknowledging something positive about the person’s performance or behavior. This sets a positive tone and makes the recipient more receptive to the subsequent feedback. 2. **Criticism**: Next, provide the constructive criticism or areas that need improvement.

An antipodal point is a point that is diametrically opposite to another point on the surface of a sphere. In simpler terms, if you imagine a line drawn through the center of the sphere connecting two points on its surface, those two points are antipodal to each other.

An anti-symmetric operator, often encountered in mathematics and physics, is a linear operator \( A \) that satisfies the following property: \[ A^T = -A \] where \( A^T \) denotes the transpose of the operator \( A \).

Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962) was a French philosopher primarily known for his work in the philosophy of science, literature, and the epistemology of knowledge. He is often associated with the French literary and philosophical movement known as "phenomenology" and is particularly noted for his contributions to the philosophy of space and imagination.

AppleLink was an online service created by Apple Inc. in the late 1980s, primarily for communication and resource sharing among Apple users and developers. It functioned as a bulletin board system (BBS), providing a platform for forums, software distribution, technical support, and updates related to Apple products and software. AppleLink served as a way for Apple to connect with its customers and developers, enabling them to exchange information and ideas.