Foot per second squared (ft/s²) is a unit of acceleration in the imperial system. It describes the rate of change of velocity of an object in terms of feet traveled per second for each second of time. In other words, if an object's velocity increases by a certain amount of feet per second over the course of one second, this increase in velocity is quantified in feet per second squared.

Conceptual physics is an approach to learning and understanding physics that emphasizes the underlying concepts and principles rather than mathematical calculations and technical details. It focuses on building a strong intuition about physical phenomena and fostering a deep understanding of how the natural world operates. In a conceptual physics course or curriculum, students are encouraged to explore ideas through qualitative reasoning, thought experiments, and practical applications.

Isotropic radiation refers to the emission of energy, such as electromagnetic radiation or particles, uniformly in all directions from a source. In other words, an isotropic source emits radiation with the same intensity regardless of the observer's position or angle relative to the source. This concept is often used in various fields including physics, astronomy, and engineering. For example, in astrophysics, many stars can be approximated as isotropic radiators, emitting light and heat evenly into space.

Laser dye refers to organic compounds that are used as laser gain media. These dyes can be dissolved in a solvent and are commonly utilized in dye lasers, which are a type of laser that produces laser light over a wide range of wavelengths. The specific wavelengths depend on the chemical structure of the dye. There are several key points about laser dyes: 1. **Organic Composition**: Laser dyes are typically organic molecules. Common examples include rhodamines, fluoresceins, and phthalocyanines.

The Malter effect, also known as the Malter phenomenon, refers to the observed increase in the yield of electrons from a metallic surface during the excitation with ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly in the context of secondary electron emission in materials like semiconductors and metals. This effect can occur when the incident radiation induces the emission of secondary electrons, which are electrons emitted from a material after being struck by energetic particles or photons.

Quantum magnetism is a field of study within condensed matter physics that explores the magnetic properties and behavior of materials at the quantum level. It primarily focuses on how quantum mechanical interactions among electrons, their spins, and lattice structures lead to a variety of magnetic phenomena. In classical terms, magnetism is commonly associated with the alignment of magnetic moments (small magnetic fields due to the spin and orbital motion of electrons).

Major projects can be seen at: Section "The most important projects done by Ciro Santilli".

These are some smaller projects that Ciro Santilli carried out. They are all either for fun, or misguided use of his time done by an younger self:

What big companies have been created in Europe after World War II, that have not been bought or utterly defeated by American or Japanese companies?Because of all these failures, much fanfare was made as Spotify reached a $50B market capitalization in 2020. An art company, so cute!

As of 2023, the LVMH was the most valuable company in Europe by market capitalization^[ref]. Luxury goods. An area of industry that borders between the useless and the evil.

Europe has basically become an outsourcing hub for the United States. The fact that its starts are all sold if they become large enough just means that R&D is also outsourced.

ASML, and perhaps more meaningfully its parent/predecessor ASM International from 1964 is perhaps the biggest exception.

The key problem is that there are so many small countries in Europe, that any startup has to deal with too many incompatible legislation and cannot easily sell to the hole of Europe and scale. So then a larger company from a more uniform country comes and eats it up!

Talent mobility is another issue:

So why can't Europe unify its laws?

Because the countries are still essentially walled off by languages. Europe is the perfect example of why having more than one natural language is bad for the world.

There isn't true mobility of people between countries.

You just can't go study or work in any other country (except for the UK, when it was still in the EU) without putting a huge effort into learning its language first.

Without this, there isn't enough mixing to truly make cultures more uniform, and therefore allow the laws to be more uniform.

Europe can't even unify basic things like:

Equally so, it can't force little fiscal paradises who effectively benefit from being in Europe like Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Switzerland ("not European", but should that be allowed?) and Cyprus (the EU can't even maintain its territorial integrity, let alone fiscal) to not offer ridiculously low taxes and incentives which make them entry points for foreign companies to rape Europe.

For this reason, Europe will only continue to go downhill with the years, and the United Kingdom will continue to try and endosymbiose into a state of the United States (although at times it seems that it would rather endosymbiose with China instead). On 2025 the British parliament beautifully put it that the country:

Historically, this disunion is partly due to the European balance of power, whereby countries would form alliances with old enemies to prevent another country from taking over. Also linked are failed military unification attempts by Napoleon and Hitler, though we are likely better off without the latter succeeding!!! Though those also partly failed due to wider balance of power issues involving the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and USA, not only due to internal balance. Of course, none of that matters anymore after World War II, where other more unified Europe-sized potencies rose, first the USA and the Soviet Union, and then China, and now European disunion is nothing but a burden.

Evidence such as those makes it clear that the European Union is a failure.

One thing must be said in favour of Europe's mess however: it favours international collaboration in huge projects as a more neutral middle ground. This can be seen more clearly in the ITER and the fiasco that was the Superconducting Super Collider that was cancelled a couple of billion dollars in partly because it failed to attract any foreign investment, compared to the Large Hadron Collider which went on to find the Higgs boson as mentioned at www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-supercollider-that-never-was/.

Bibliography:

See: docs.ourbigbook.com/#ourbigbook-web-user-manual

If enough people use it, we could let people sell knowledge content through us.

Teachers have the incentive of making open source to get more students.

Students pay when they want help to learn something.

We take a cut of the transactions.

However this goes a bit against our "open content" ideal.

Forced sponsorware would be a possibility.

Would be a bit like Fiverr. Hmmm, maybe this is not a good thing ;-)