Cooperative games are a category of games in game theory where players can benefit from forming coalitions and collaborating with one another to achieve better outcomes than they could independently. In these games, the players can negotiate and make binding agreements to coordinate their strategies and share the payoffs that result from their cooperation. Key features of cooperative games include: 1. **Coalitions**: Players can form groups (coalitions) and work together.

Topological games are a branch of mathematics that blends concepts from topology and game theory. They typically involve players making moves within a topological space, and the outcomes often depend on the properties of the space and the strategies employed by the players. In general, a topological game involves two players, commonly referred to as Player 1 and Player 2. The game is played on a topological space, and players take turns choosing points from designated subsets of that space.

The "Tragedy of the Commons" is an economic concept and social theory that describes a situation in which individual users, acting independently according to their own self-interest, deplete or degrade a shared resource (the "commons") despite knowing that this depletion is contrary to the collective long-term interest of the group. The term was popularized by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in his 1968 essay.