Modular multiplication Updated +Created
Biology experiments are hard, and so they go wrong, a lot.
For this reason, it is wise to verify that certain steps are correct whenever possible.
And so this is the first thing we did on the second day!
Gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their charge-to-mass ratio. It is one of those ultra common lab procedures!
This allows us to determine how long are the DNA fragments present in our solution.
Since we know that we amplified the 16S regions which we know the rough size of (there might be a bit of variability across species, but not that much), we were expecting to see a big band at that size.
And that is exactly what we saw!
First we had to prepare the gel, put the gel comb, and pipette the samples into wells present in the gel:
Figure 1.
Gel electrophoresis insert comb.
Source.
Figure 2.
Gel electrophoresis top view with wells visible.
Source.
Figure 3.
Gel electrophoresis pipette sample into wells.
Source.
To see the DNA, we added ethidium bromide to the samples, which is a substance that that both binds to DNA and is fluorescent.
Because it interacts heavily with DNA, ethidium bromide is a mutagen, and the biology people sure did treat the dedicated electrophoresis bench area with respect! Figure 4. "Gel electrophoresis dedicated bench area to prevent ethidium bromide contamination.".
Figure 4.
Gel electrophoresis dedicated bench area to prevent ethidium bromide contamination.
Source.
Figure 5.
Gel electrophoresis dedicated waste bin for centrifuge tubes and pipette tips contaminated with ethidium bromide.
Source.
The UV transilluminator we used to shoot UV light into the gel was the Fisher Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator. The fluorescent substance then emitted a light we can see.
As barely seen at Figure 8. "Fischer Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator illuminated gel." due to bad photo quality due to lack of light, there is one strong green line, which compared to the ladder matches our expected 16S length. What we saw it with the naked eyes was very clear however.
Figure 6.
Fischer Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator
. Source.
Figure 7.
Fischer Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator loading gel.
Source.
Figure 8.
Fischer Scientific UVP LM-26E Benchtop 2UV Transilluminator illuminated gel.
Source.
Politics of the United States Updated +Created
Real coordinate space of dimension three Updated +Created
Real projective line Updated +Created
Just a circle.
Take with a line at . Identify all the points that an observer
Theoretical Physics Reference by Ondrej Certík Updated +Created
Algorithmic qubits Updated +Created
Diophantine equation Updated +Created
Sometimes systems of Diophantine equations are considered.
Problems generally involve finding integer solutions to the equations, notably determining if any solution exists, and if infinitely solutions exist.
The general problem is known to be undecidable: Hilbert's tenth problem.
The Pythagorean triples, and its generalization Fermat's last theorem, are the quintessential examples.
Gossip Updated +Created
High level quantum synthesis Updated +Created
This is a term "invented" by Ciro Santilli to refer to quantum compilers that are able to convert non-specifically-quantum (functional, since there is no state in quantum software) programs into quantum circuit.
The term is made by adding "quantum" to the more "classical" concept of "high-level synthesis", which refers to software that converts an imperative program into register transfer level hardware, typicially for FPGA applications.
Mitochondrion Updated +Created
Mobile phone Updated +Created
Parity of a permutation Updated +Created
Piezo ignition Updated +Created
Plastic Updated +Created
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbuiIhr0LVA 7 Different Types of Plastic and Their Uses by Orange Plastics Academy (2018) Does not mention packaging foams.
Procrastination Updated +Created
Psychologist Updated +Created
Quantization (physics) Updated +Created
Quantum computing book Updated +Created

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